Improving electrochemical stability and electromechanical efficiency of ipmcs: tuning ionic liquid concentration

Tozzi, Kaique Afonso; Gonçalves, Roger; Barbosa, Rafael; Saccardo, Matheus Colovati; Zuquello, Ariel Gustavo; Sgreccia, Emanuela; Narducci, Riccardo; Scuracchio, Carlos Henrique; Vona, Maria Luisa Di

doi:10.1007/s10800-022-01776-w

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 59 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It is important to highlight that notwithstanding the steric effects, IPMC-BMIM presents good ionic conductivity despite the low H 2 O absorption capacity, which means that the organic counterion presents electrochemical stability and capacity to prevent water electrolysis. 44,45 Based on these results, it is evident that the diffusivity of ions, when complexed with H 2 O molecules inside the polymer, is primarily influenced by their movement through the channels rather than the filling of ionic agglomerates. Consequently, if the counterion size increases and the RH decreases, it becomes progressively more challenging for the ions to diffuse through the polymer.…”

Section: Ionic Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 93%

Beyond static: Tracking the dynamic nature of water absorption and Young's modulus in IPMC devices

Saccardo,

Barbosa,

Zuquello

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ionomeric polymer‐metal composites (IPMC) are advanced materials designed to mimic biological systems. Their performance depends on various factors, including electrical stimulus intensity, membrane hydration, ionic migration, and Young's modulus. However, there is a lack of studies in the literature investigating how the water absorption capacity and elastic modulus change over time in IPMCs. Understanding the hydration level variation as a function of time is essential because as this parameter deviates, the ionic migration capacity and Young's modulus also change, altering the device's electromechanical efficiency over time. To address this research gap, Nafion/Pt‐based IPMC devices exchanged with four monovalent cations (H+, Li+, Na+, and K+) and one ionic liquid (1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium—BMIM+) were prepared, and a comprehensive investigation on how the water absorption capacity and Young's modulus vary as a function of time, relative humidity (RH), and counterion size was performed. The results revealed that the water uptake capacity is significantly higher and occurs more rapidly at higher RH levels and when the counterion's ionic radius decreases. Consequently, the time required for the device to reach osmotic equilibrium can range from 40 to 270 min, depending on the RH and counterion used. Furthermore, it was observed that the first natural frequency and Young's modulus also exhibit time‐dependent behavior. Under constant RH conditions, the mechanical properties of the IPMC can vary by up to 50% in less than 60 min. Notably, the combined results from water uptake capacity, Young's modulus, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and electromechanical response analyses (including blocking force, displacement, displacement rate, current, coulombic efficiency, and voltage) suggest that a morphological transformation within the polymer is likely to occur once RH exceeds 60%. This finding strengthens the hypothesis that ion migration is mainly influenced by their movement through Nafion's ionomeric channels rather than the filling of ionic agglomerates.

show abstract

Section: Ionic Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 93%

Beyond static: Tracking the dynamic nature of water absorption and Young's modulus in IPMC devices

Saccardo,

Barbosa,

Zuquello

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Conventional IPMCs were produced using the electroless plating method developed by Oguro et al [51] and modified by our group [52,53]. First, the ionomeric polymer (Nafion) is immersed in a platinum-amino complex ([Pt(NH 3 ) 4 ]Cl 2 ) solution containing 3 mg of Pt 2+ per cm 2 of the film.…”

Section: Ipmcs and Ip 2 C Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel IP²C sensors with flexible electrodes based on plasma-treated conductive elastomeric nanocomposites

Barbosa,

Gonçalves,

Blanco

et al. 2024

Smart Mater. Struct.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMC) are devices composed of metallic electrodes and an ionomeric polymer membrane in a “sandwich” architecture and. Their main property is electromechanical actuation or sensing based on the movement of ions. Metallic electrodes are commonly used for their high electrical conductivity, malleability, and chemical resistance. However, the high cost of noble metals, such as platinum, long manufacturing time, and fatigue failure limit their application. Therefore, the replacement of metallic electrodes with Conductive Elastomeric Nanocomposites (CENs) was evaluated to reduce the costs and complexity of manufacturing the device and increase its working life. In this work, carbon nanotubes were used as the conductive fillers. The dispersion to achieve high electrical conductivity was carried out directly in the synthetic or natural polyisoprene rubber latex assisted by surfactant and high-power sonication. To improve the adhesion between the elastomeric electrode and the ionic membrane (Nafion), plasma treatment with atmospheric air was applied as a surface modifier. This treatment improved the hydrophilicity and adhesion of the rubbers by forming oxygenated groups and increasing the surface nanoroughness. In this way, ionomeric polymer-polymer composite (IP²C) devices were fabricated using Nafion and plasma-modified CENs, this type of electrode is unprecedented in the literature for this application. These devices showed displacement and strain sensing capacity at levels close to the conventional IPMC in all tested frequency ranges and applied accelerations. Notably, the IP²C obtained better resolution at low frequencies than the control.

show abstract

“…Since this seminal work, significant research efforts have focused on the characterization of IL-IPMCs and the enhancement of their performance. Extensive measurements of microscopic properties of IL-IPMCs, 35 different fabrication techniques, 36,37 experimental probes of charge distribution 38 and comparative studies with different membranes, counterions, ILs and IL uptake 35,[39][40][41][42][43][44] have been explored in the literature. More broadly, ILs have been extensively utilized for different types of actuators, based on ionic membranes, 45 gel electrolytes 46,47 and polymer electrolytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multi-cation model for the actuation of ionic membranes with ionic liquids

Boldini

2024

Mater. Adv.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Improving electrochemical stability and electromechanical efficiency of ipmcs: tuning ionic liquid concentration

Cited by 12 publications

References 59 publications

Beyond static: Tracking the dynamic nature of water absorption and Young's modulus in IPMC devices

Beyond static: Tracking the dynamic nature of water absorption and Young's modulus in IPMC devices

Novel IP²C sensors with flexible electrodes based on plasma-treated conductive elastomeric nanocomposites

A multi-cation model for the actuation of ionic membranes with ionic liquids

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Improving electrochemical stability and electromechanical efficiency of ipmcs: tuning ionic liquid concentration

Cited by 12 publications

References 59 publications

Beyond static: Tracking the dynamic nature of water absorption and Young's modulus in IPMC devices

Beyond static: Tracking the dynamic nature of water absorption and Young's modulus in IPMC devices

Novel IP2C sensors with flexible electrodes based on plasma-treated conductive elastomeric nanocomposites

A multi-cation model for the actuation of ionic membranes with ionic liquids

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Novel IP²C sensors with flexible electrodes based on plasma-treated conductive elastomeric nanocomposites