Improving Electrocatalysts for O<sub>2</sub>Reduction by Fine-Tuning the Pt−Support Interaction: Pt Monolayer on the Surfaces of a Pd<sub>3</sub>Fe(111) Single-Crystal Alloy

Zhou, Wei; Yang, Xiaofang; Vukmirovic, Miomir B.; Koel, Bruce E.; Jiao, Jiao; Peng, Guowen; Mavrikakis, Manos; Adžić, Radoslav R.

doi:10.1021/ja9039746

Cited by 223 publications

(200 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…For example, PdFe nanorods [211], PdCoxCNy [273], Pt monolayer supported on Pd/Pd3Fe [212] and Pd/SnO2 [213] demonstrated significantly increased ORR activity. The catalytic activity of Pd could become comparable to that of Pt upon appropriate modification of its electronic structure.…”

Section: Unsupported Pdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Development of Pd-Based Electrocatalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

2015

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This review selectively summarizes the latest developments in the Pd-based cataysts for low temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells, especially in the application of formic acid oxidation, alcohol oxidation and oxygen reduction reaction. The advantages and shortcomings of the Pd-based catalysts for electrocatalysis are analyzed. The influence of the structure and morphology of the Pd materials on the performance of the Pd-based catalysts were described. Finally, the perspectives of future trends on Pd-based catalysts for different applications were considered.

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Section: Unsupported Pdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Development of Pd-Based Electrocatalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

2015

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confidence: 99%

Nanocomposites of Ag₂S and Noble Metals

Yang¹,

Ying²

2011

Angew Chem Int Ed

201

153

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Besides the more conventional hybrid nanomaterials, for example, core-shell, [1][2][3][4] alloy, [5][6][7] and bimetallic heterostructures, [8][9][10][11] there has been increasing interest devoted towards the development of semiconductor-metal nanocomposites that consist of different classes of materials with coherent interfaces. This type of nanostructure combines materials with distinctly different physical and chemical properties to yield a unique hybrid nanosystem with multifunctional capabilities and tunable or enhanced properties that may not be attainable otherwise. [12] The early studies of semiconductor-metal nanocomposites involved different metals (e.g. gold, silver, and platinum) deposited on or doped in TiO 2 powders for photocatalytic applications. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] In these structures, the metal domain induces the charge equilibrium in photoexcited TiO 2 nanocrystals, thus affecting the energetics of the nanocomposites by shifting the Fermi level to more negative potentials. The shift in Fermi level is indicative of improved charge separation in TiO 2 -metal systems and is effective towards enhancing the efficiency of photocatalysis. [20,21] In 2004, Banin and co-workers made a breakthrough in semiconductor-metal nanocomposites.[22] They demonstrated a solution synthesis for nanohybrids by the selective growth of gold tips on the apexes of hexagonal-phase CdSe nanorods at room temperature. The novel nanostructures displayed modified optical properties arising from the strong coupling between the gold and semiconductor components. The gold tips showed increased conductivity and selective chemical affinity for forming self-assembled chains of rods. The architecture of these nanostructures was qualitatively similar to bifunctional molecules such as dithiols, which provide twosided chemical connectivity for self-assembly and for electrical devices and contacting points for colloidal nanorods and tetrapods. These researchers later reported the synthesis of asymmetric semiconductor-metal heterostructures in which gold was grown on one side of CdSe nanocrystalline rods and dots. Theoretical modeling and experimental analysis showed that the one-sided nanocomposites were transformed from the two-sided architectures through a ripening process. [23] Subsequently, various approaches were developed for the synthesis of semiconductor-metal nanocomposites (e.g. ZnO-Ag, [24,25] CdS-Au, [26,27] InAs-Au, [28] TiO 2 -Co, [29] PbSAu, [30][31][32][33][34] Ag 2 S-Au, [35] and semiconductor-Pt systems [36][37][38][39] ) by anisotropic growth of metals on semiconductors through reduction, physical deposition, or photochemistry.We recently presented a general protocol for transferring the transition-metal ions from water to an organic medium using an ethanol-mediated method, which was extended to synthesize a wide variety of heterogeneous semiconductornoble-metal nanocomposites. [40] In another study, we synthesized three different types of semiconductor-Au nanocomposites (CdS-Au, CdSe-Au, and PbS-Au), which d...

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“…[1][2][3] As supports for catalytic nanoparticles, nanostructured carbons can provide conductive substrates with high surface areas and excellent dispersion characteristics, which are important both for optimizing the synergistic nanoparticle-support interactions and for maximizing the mass activity of expensive precious metal catalysts. [4,5] This is particularly important for platinumbased nanoparticle catalysts, the benchmark electrocatalysts for proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) that facilitate hydrogen oxidation at the anode and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode.[6] The ORR is critically important for fuel-cell applications because it is the reaction that prevents maximum efficiency from being realized. [7] General strategies for improving ORR catalysis focus on increasing the accessible surface area of the catalyst and enhancing activity by size reduction, nanostructure control, and alloying.…”

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confidence: 99%

Uniform Hollow Carbon Shells: Nanostructured Graphitic Supports for Improved Oxygen‐Reduction Catalysis

et al. 2010

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Nanostructured high-surface-area carbon materials are ubiquitous in many applications, including catalysis, energy storage, and separations. [1][2][3] As supports for catalytic nanoparticles, nanostructured carbons can provide conductive substrates with high surface areas and excellent dispersion characteristics, which are important both for optimizing the synergistic nanoparticle-support interactions and for maximizing the mass activity of expensive precious metal catalysts. [4,5] This is particularly important for platinumbased nanoparticle catalysts, the benchmark electrocatalysts for proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) that facilitate hydrogen oxidation at the anode and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode.[6] The ORR is critically important for fuel-cell applications because it is the reaction that prevents maximum efficiency from being realized. [7] General strategies for improving ORR catalysis focus on increasing the accessible surface area of the catalyst and enhancing activity by size reduction, nanostructure control, and alloying. [8][9][10] Herein, we describe a significant improvement in apparent platinum mass activity for the ORR in 0.5 m H 2 SO 4 by anchoring platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) onto a new type of nano-engineered carbon support: monodisperse spherical nanoshells of graphitic carbon that are intermediate in size between C 60 and most other hollow graphitic nanomaterials. Nanostructured carbon materials are often prepared by carbon replication of sacrificial colloidal and porous templates, [1,2,11] chemical leaching of metals from metal carbides, [12] pyrolysis of carbon-rich organic materials, [1] and a variety of other methods.[13] For all of these methods, hightemperature (> 600 8C) processing is typically required to produce graphitic carbon. [12] Our approach to graphitic carbon nanoshells, shown schematically in Figure 1, is inspired by carbide-derived carbons (CDCs), which are formed by high-temperature/ high-pressure extraction of non-carbon elements from metal carbides.[12] For example, silicon and titanium can be leached from SiC and TiC, respectively, using chlorine gas. The leaching process introduces large numbers of micropores and mesopores, which result in high surface areas. However, the high temperatures and large particle sizes make it difficult to exploit CDCs as highly-dispersible supports for catalytic nanoparticles. Our nanostructure design strategy (Figure 1) yields highly dispersible uniform nanoshells of graphitic carbon with high surface areas by synergistically merging several important materials capabilities from colloidal nanoscience and solid-state chemistry. Recent reports have described the synthesis of nanocrystalline Ni 3 C [14] and NPs of the hcp allotrope of nickel, [15] both of which have similar XRD patterns. The product of a reaction claimed to yield near-monodisperse particles of hcp Ni, [15] when heated, behaves as would be expected for Ni 3 C, decomposing at about 420 8C.[16] In nanoparticle form, this decomposition results i...

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Improving Electrocatalysts for O₂Reduction by Fine-Tuning the Pt−Support Interaction: Pt Monolayer on the Surfaces of a Pd₃Fe(111) Single-Crystal Alloy

Cited by 223 publications

References 54 publications

Recent Development of Pd-Based Electrocatalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Recent Development of Pd-Based Electrocatalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Nanocomposites of Ag₂S and Noble Metals

Uniform Hollow Carbon Shells: Nanostructured Graphitic Supports for Improved Oxygen‐Reduction Catalysis

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Improving Electrocatalysts for O2Reduction by Fine-Tuning the Pt−Support Interaction: Pt Monolayer on the Surfaces of a Pd3Fe(111) Single-Crystal Alloy

Cited by 223 publications

References 54 publications

Recent Development of Pd-Based Electrocatalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Recent Development of Pd-Based Electrocatalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Nanocomposites of Ag2S and Noble Metals

Uniform Hollow Carbon Shells: Nanostructured Graphitic Supports for Improved Oxygen‐Reduction Catalysis

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Improving Electrocatalysts for O₂Reduction by Fine-Tuning the Pt−Support Interaction: Pt Monolayer on the Surfaces of a Pd₃Fe(111) Single-Crystal Alloy

Nanocomposites of Ag₂S and Noble Metals