Improving efficiency for removal of ammoniacal nitrogen from wastewaters using hydrodynamic cavitation

A Strategy for Complete Degradation of Metformin Using Vortex-Based Hydrodynamic Cavitation

“…The process intensification approach of aeration for cavitation was found beneficial in some cases where additional nuclei generation enhances the degradation of pollutants depending on the nature of pollutants. The effect of aeration as process intensification was reported in earlier studies for ammoniacal nitrogen removal and solvent degradation , by hydrodynamic cavitation. Patil et al reported 100% enhancement in degradation of octanol solvent using a process intensification approach of aeration.…”

“…Due to strong swirling flow, the low-pressure region formed at the center of the vortex leads to the formation of vapor-filled cavities, and the cavities escape from the axial port. Further, escaped cavities realize high pressure and collapse takes place in the downstream region leading to homolytic cleavage of the water molecules and formation of oxidizing species such as hydroxyl radicals . The vortex diode offers several advantages over conventional linear flow-based devices such as early inception of cavities, larger opening area (less choking), and higher efficiency, and it is less energy-intensive with increased/easy scalability.…”

Optimized Geometric Structure of a Rotational Hydrodynamic Cavitation Reactor

“…As a superior cavitation reactor, the hydrodynamic cavitation reactor has been used in various fields because of its greenness, affordability, and lower energy consumption. Hydrodynamic cavitation reactors mainly involve orifices (Bhukya et al 2021;Charikleia et al 2021), venturis (Sun et al 2020a;Taba et al 2020), vortex cavitation reactors (Ranade et al 2020;Patil et al 2021) and rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactors (RHCRs) (Badve et al 2013, Petkovšek et al 2013Zupanc et al 2014). Orifices and venturis are difficult to widely use because of large pressure loss, clogging, and lower scalability.…”

Characteristics of cavitation onset and development in a self-excited fluidic oscillator

“…Particularly, the microbubbles which have great advantages in chemical reactions [11] could be generated in the process of cavitation [12] . The ammoniacal nitrogen in wastewaters could be removed by the enormous amount of energy released during cavitation bubbles collapse [13] , [14] .…”