Improving Effectiveness Of Seedrow-placed Urea With Urease Inhibitor And Polymer Coating For Durum Wheat And Canola

Malhi, S. S.; Oliver, E.; Mayerle, G.; Kruger, G.A.; Gill, K. S.

doi:10.1081/css-120021307

Cited by 37 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Grain yield in these two sites over the 3 yr of the experiment was generally higher when NBPT-treated urea was used rather than untreated urea. Malhi et al (2003) observed a similar improvement in seedling emergence and grain yield when NBPT-treated urea was seed-placed with durum wheat and canola. These authors carried out field experiments in 2000 at three sites in Saskatchewan that included comparison of seed-placed NBPT-treated and polymer-coated urea to uncoated urea.…”

supporting

confidence: 55%

“…Reduction in seedling damage has been attributed to an increase in the duration of urea diffusion away from the seedrow as a result of the reduction in urea hydrolysis with application of NBPT (Malhi et al 2003); it has been shown to occur with a number of crops, such as barley (Pauly et al 1996;Grant and Bailey 1999), wheat (Xiaobin et al 1995;Pauly et al 1996;Malhi et al 2003), canola (Pauly et al 1996;Malhi et al 2003) and corn (Schlegel 1991). Grant and Bailey (1999) observed that improvement in seed-placed urea safety with NBPT was dependent on the environmental conditions occurring after seeding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) to increase safety of seed-placed urea

Karamanos¹,

Harapiak²,

Flore³

et al. 2004

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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. 2004. Use of N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) to increase safety of seed-placed urea. Can. J. Plant Sci. 84: 105-116. Current guidelines for safe seedrow placement of urea N in the western Canadian prairies are based on texture, seedbed utilization and soil moisture conditions at the time of seeding. However, if N requirement is high, not all fertilizer N requirements can be met as excess urea N in the seedrow may result in plant stand reduction, delay in maturity and/or lead to yield loss. This study investigated the use of the urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) as a means of increasing the safety of seedrow applied urea. Four experiments consisting of 39 trials were carried out over 3 yr to ascertain whether current guidelines could be modified through the use of NBPT. The experiments were carried out on loam to clay loam soils and barley, canola and wheat were sown with seedrow spacing and seed spread to produce seedbed utilization of approximately 10%. A safe N rate in this study was defined as the one that resulted in less than 15% reduction in the stand density of plants and no delay in maturity. There was no damage from seed-placement of N when the site received 5 to 10 mm of precipitation within 48 h of seeding. Treatment of urea with NBPT resulted in a significant improvement in stand density in two out of every three (20 of the 31) trials, where a significant reduction of stand density due to N application was observed. There were no cases where an increase in seedling damage was observed as a result of NBPT treatment of urea. Treatment of urea with NBPT resulted in an overall reduction in days to maturity with greater benefit at higher N rates of seed row placed N. However, there was a yield benefit as a result of NBPT application in only eight of the trials. Average guidelines for urea seedrow placement for barley, canola and wheat grown on medium textured soils with 10% seedbed utilization can be increased by 30, 20 and 15 kg N ha -1 , respectively, when urea is treated with NBPT. Les recommandations actuelles concernant l'application d'urée aux semences dans les prairies de l'Ouest canadien reposent sur la texture du sol, la préparation de la planche de semis et à la teneur en eau du sol au moment des semis. Quand le sol est très carencé cependant, il est impossible de lui fournir tout l'azote dont il a besoin, car un excédent d'urée dans la planche de semis peut réduire la densité du peuplement, retarder la maturation ou entraîner des pertes de rendement. Les auteurs ont tenté de voir si l'usage du N-triamide de l'acide thiophosphorique (NBPT), un inhibiteur de l'uréase, pourrait rendre l'urée plus sûre quand elle est appliquée à la planche de semis. Ils ont donc effectué 39 essais dans le cadre de quatre expériences étalées sur trois ans pour établir si les recommandations existantes pourraient être modifiées en fonction de l'usage de NBPT. Ils ont semé de l'orge, du canola et du blé sur un sol allant du loam au loam argileux en tenant compte de l'écartement des...

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supporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) to increase safety of seed-placed urea

Karamanos¹,

Harapiak²,

Flore³

et al. 2004

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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“…Mahli et al (2003) found that urea coated with polymer tended to provide better seedling protection than urea coated with urease inhibitor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled-release urea for winter wheat in southern Alberta

McKenzie¹,

Bremer²,

Middleton³

et al. 2007

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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. Controlled-release urea for winter wheat in southern Alberta. Can. J. Soil Sci. 87: 85-91. The recent development of low-cost controlled-release urea (CRU) may provide additional options for N fertilization of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Two field experiments were conducted over 3 yr at three locations in southern Alberta to evaluate different options of applying CRU to winter wheat. In the first experiment, three N fertilizers (20-day CRU, 40-day CRU and urea) were seed-placed and side-banded at the time of seeding at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg N ha -1 . Stand densities were substantially reduced by seedrow application of urea at rates greater than 30 kg N ha -1 , but were unaffected by seedrow application of CRU, even at the highest rate of N application. When N fertilizer was side-banded, stand densities were unaffected by fertilizer type or N rate. Yield gains due to N application were reduced by application of high rates of seed-placed urea, but similar for other treatments. Grain protein concentration and N uptake were also similar for CRU and seed-placed urea. In the second experiment, three N fertilizers (CRU, urea and ammonium nitrate) were broadcast at 30 kg N ha -1 in early spring on plots that had received 0, 30 or 60 kg N ha -1 of CRU at the time of seeding. Inadequate release of spring broadcast CRU was indicated by reduced grain protein concentrations relative to conventional N fertilizers. Under the conditions experienced in our study, CRU substantially increased the maximum safe rate of seed-placed urea, provided minimal benefits to N response relative to side-banded urea, and was less effective than conventional N fertilizers when broadcast in early spring. . Trois années durant, les auteurs ont effectué deux expériences sur le terrain à trois endroits du sud de l'Alberta afin d'évaluer les diverses possibilités de bonification du blé d'hiver avec de l'ULL. Pour la première expérience, ils ont appliqué trois engrais N (ULL 20 jours, ULL 40 jours et urée) avec la semence ou en bande latérale au moment des semis à raison de 0, 30, 60, 90 ou 120 kg de N par hectare. L'application d'urée aux lignes de semis à un taux de plus de 30 kg de N par hectare diminue sensiblement la densité du peuplement, mais cela n'est pas le cas quand on utilise de l'ULL, même aux taux les plus élevés. Quand l'engrais N est appliqué en bande latérale, le type d'engrais et le taux d'application n'affectent pas la densité du peuplement. L'application d'une quantité élevée d'urée avec la semence réduit les gains de rendement associés à l'application d'un engrais N, mais les autres traitements donnent des gains analogues. L'ULL et l'application d'urée avec la semence donnent aussi une concentration de protéines dans le grain et un taux d'absorption du N similaires. Lors de la deuxième expérience, les auteurs ont appliqué trois engrais N (ULL, urée et nitrate d'ammonium) à la volée à raison de 30 kg de N par hectare au début du printemps sur des parcelles bonifiées avec 0, 30 ou 60 kg de N par hectare sous forme d'UL...

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“…Urea can damage the seedlings after it hydrolyses by the enzyme urease, where the produced ammonia (NH 3 ) and ammonium (NH4+) can cause ammonia toxicity and osmotic damage (Bremner, 1995). Urea toxicity can be reduced by applying urease inhibitor to the fertilizer granule (Grant and Bailey, 1999;Malhi et al, 2003, Karamanos et al, 2004. This study was conducted in the main agricultural plain (Thessaly) to evaluate the effect of new types of fertilizers containing urease inhibitor on the yield of the main arable crops (durum wheat, cotton and maize) in Greece.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Urease Inhibitor Fertilizers (Agrotain) and Their Effect on Cereal Crops and Cotton Yield

Giannoulis¹,

Bartzialis²,

Skoufogianni³

et al. 2016

AGR

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Many commercial compounds exist that promise the increasing efficiency of urea fertilizers by inhibiting urease activity in soils. Such a compound gaining in commercial importance in the last decades is N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide, broadly known with its registered trade name of "Agrotain". In this paper, the effect of nitrogen fertilizer dressings using Agrotain versus conventional (urea) fertilizers was studied under field conditions. In particular, the effect of three different nitrogen dressings using conventional N-fertilizers and Agrotain was investigated on the growth and final yield of (rainfed) durum wheat, and (irrigated) maize and cotton, grown on a fertile clay loamy soil in Velestino (Thessaly plain) area in central Greece in the year 2015. It was demonstrated that all three crops fertilized Agrotain obtained greater chlorophyll contents and reached significantly higher biomass and grain yields comparing to the crops receiving traditional nitrogen fertilization, obviously due to the more effective nitrogen release and uptake by the crops.Therefore, application of urease inhibitor fertilizers, such as Agrotain, might reduce nitrogen application dressings, reduce N-losses and nitrification, and their introduction to existing crop rotations is highly advisable.

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Improving Effectiveness Of Seedrow-placed Urea With Urease Inhibitor And Polymer Coating For Durum Wheat And Canola

Cited by 37 publications

References 15 publications

Use of N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) to increase safety of seed-placed urea

Use of N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) to increase safety of seed-placed urea

Controlled-release urea for winter wheat in southern Alberta

The Use of Urease Inhibitor Fertilizers (Agrotain) and Their Effect on Cereal Crops and Cotton Yield

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