Improving ductility and bending features of poplar glued laminated beams by means of embedded carbon material

Rescalvo, Francisco J.; Timbolmas, Cristian; Bravo, R.; Valverde-Palacios, Ignacio; Gallego, Antolino

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124469

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In terms of stiffness and strength, respective improvements of up to 44% and 33% are achieved. Moreover, high ductility values are obtained when the reinforcement is placed at the tension area, whereas brittle behavior is observed when the reinforcement is placed only at the compression zone (Rescalvo et al 2021).…”

Section: Reinforced Glulammentioning

confidence: 99%

11th Hardwood Conference Proceedings

2024

Hardwood Conference Proceedings

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Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is the most widespread non-native tree species in Europe and has had a significant impact on the Central European landscape and forestry. The black locust has many exceptional characteristics that represent considerable potential for use by man. The climate shift in recent decades in Central Europe could further strengthen the importance of this tree species. However, there are also risks arising from the invasiveness of the black locust. Like Hungary, Czechia has had many years of experience with this tree species. Still, the current approach between these two countries, particularly in conventional forestry, differs. This paper attempts to summarise how the management of Robinia and its stands is viewed in Czechia, where the common forestry utilization of black locust is currently not considered due to its invasiveness. The reason for a more reserved forestry attitude in Czechia can be associated with the relatively frequent stem deformities of Robinia stands, which are often attributed to frost. However, the frost deformities and low stem-form quality of some Robinia stands do not affect their vigour and potential to invade adjacent habitats. It often takes considerable effort to remove black locust, especially where the spreading of Robinia threatens valuable adjacent ecosystems. On the other hand, there is great potential for the use of Robinia in Czechia. It can be found in controlled energy crops, fast-growing plantations (lignicultures), some land reclamation projects or urban greenery. Robinia can also be grown in small stands or in groups of trees surrounded by arable land that does not allow the tree to spontaneously spread. Regarding the production plantations of Robinia, the Hungarian experience and breeding program can be very inspiring for Czechia. Generally, there is a move towards 'site-specific management', but with a strong emphasis on the precautionary principle. Finding and then consistently applying a balanced approach to black locust management that not only allows for the potential but also respects the risks of Robiniait is currently a key challenge for Czech forestry, landscape and nature conservation.

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Section: Reinforced Glulammentioning

confidence: 99%

11th Hardwood Conference Proceedings

2024

Hardwood Conference Proceedings

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“…Poplar is a fast-growing species with a rotation of 9 years in the south of Spain and up to 18 years in the north, which in 2016 covered an extension of 145.000 ha approximately [13]. The use of poplar for construction supports what the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations requires for 2050, when it is expected that the 75% of the wood used for industrial purposes will come from fast-growing plantations [14]. Characteristic values of the structural properties of the 18 year-old Populus x euroamericana, hybrid I-214, from the North of Spain were 36.3 N/mm 2 for bending strength ( f m,k ), 7746 N/mm 2 for the mean modulus of elasticity (E 0,m ), and 338 kg/m 3 for density (ρ k ) [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Embedment Strength of Low- and Medium-Density Hardwood Species from Spain

Cabrera

Moltini

Baño³

2022

Forests

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The embedment strength is a key parameter in the design of timber connections with metal fasteners. This property can be determined by the equations given by design codes such as the Eurocode 5, which are based on the European Yield Model proposed by Johansen, and it depends on the value of timber density among other parameters. These equations provided by design codes are based on experimental tests performed mainly in softwood species; thus, the objective of this work is to evaluate the embedment strength of two low- and medium-density hardwood species from Spain (poplar—Populus x euroamericana; beech—Fagus sylvatica) in the parallel and perpendicular to grain directions. Four different experimental test configurations were carried out according to EN 383 for each species using two different fasteners: (i) a 9 mm-diameter screw and (ii) a 12 mm-diameter bolt. Results of embedment strength were evaluated according to three different determination methods, and later compared with the current equations provided by Eurocode 5 (EC5) and new ones proposed in the draft of the new Eurocode 5 (prEC5). Results showed that current equations overestimated perpendicular to grain embedment strength for the cases studied, while the equation proposed in prEC5 for screws fitted best perpendicular to grain embedment strength. However, it underestimated the parallel to grain one because it does not consider any difference due to load-to-grain angle (α). Finally, ratios between experimental parallel and perpendicular to grain embedment strength were studied (k90), showing 30% and 44% higher values than the theoretical values resulting from k90 equations of EC5 and prEC5 for beech with screws and bolts, respectively, and 4% and 49% higher than the theoretical values for poplar with screws and bolts, respectively.

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“…An experimental study was done by Issa and Kmeid 13 to reveal the influences of introducing reinforcement materials on the glued-laminated timber beams where it was found that reinforcement plays a major role in changing the failure mode from brittle to ductile and the load-carrying capacity of the reinforced beams was increased too. Another experimental study was carried out on glued laminated beams by Rescalvo et al 14 , by considering carbon composites as reinforcement materials in which the study concluded that the type and the position of reinforcement directly affect the mechanical behavior of the entire element. Morin-Bernard et al 15 investigated the effects of the finger joint profile of the laminated hardwood beams on the tensile strength and it is suggested that the investigated species could be appropriate for the manufacture of GLT with high tensile strengths.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability-based numerical analysis of glulam beams reinforced by CFRP plate

Harrach

Habashneh

Rad

2022

Sci Rep

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Most existed researches consider deterministic numerical analysis when dealing with structural models. However, the test results reveal that uncertainties are existing in most cases regarding some considerations such as material randomness and the lack of experience. Therefore, proposing a probabilistic design models have got attention of researchers according to its important role in predicting accurate performance of the structures. The aim of the proposed work is to consider reliability-based analysis in numerical modelling of glulam beams reinforced with CFRP plates as well as unreinforced glulam beams by considering the properties of used timber material as random variables having mean value and standard deviation taking into consideration that the findings of this study have shown that the reliability index is worked efficiently as a limit which controls the process. Hill yield criterion model is adopted with respect to the data which is obtained from the experimental tests in order to validate the models. Furthermore, a detailed comparison between the reinforced and unreinforced glulam beams are proposed to see the effect of introducing the CFRP plates as a reinforcement material. The results of this study have successfully given a deep understanding of how the uncertainties plays a crucial role on the resulted deformations and stresses in which it was founded by making a comparison between deterministic and probabilistic numerical analysis.

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Improving ductility and bending features of poplar glued laminated beams by means of embedded carbon material

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

11th Hardwood Conference Proceedings

11th Hardwood Conference Proceedings

Embedment Strength of Low- and Medium-Density Hardwood Species from Spain

Reliability-based numerical analysis of glulam beams reinforced by CFRP plate

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