Improving Drought-Avoidance Root Traits in Chickpea (<i>Cicer arietinum</i>L.) -Current Status of Research at ICRISAT

Gaur, Pooran M.; Krishnamurthy, L.; Kashiwagi, Junichi

doi:10.1626/pps.11.3

Cited by 149 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Still, there are only few examples where root traits have been targeted in breeding programs. Systematic breeding efforts for root system properties have been done mainly for rice (Price et al 2002;Kato et al 2006;Farooq et al 2009a) and chickpea (Kashiwagi et al 2005;Gaur et al 2008). For wheat, physiological and root research studies evidence the significant contribution of roots to higher drought resistance (e.g.…”

Section: Breeding For Dehydration Avoidancementioning

confidence: 99%

Management of crop water under drought: a review

Bodner

Nakhforoosh

Kaul

2015

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

426

234

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Drought is a predominant cause of low yields worldwide. There is an urgent need for more water efficient cropping systems facing large water consumption of irrigated agriculture and high unproductive losses via runoff and evaporation. Identification of yield-limiting constraints in the plant-soil-atmosphere continuum are the key to improved management of plant water stress. Crop ecology provides a systematic approach for this purpose integrating soil hydrology and plant physiology into the context of crop production. We review main climate, soil and plant properties and processes that determine yield in different water-limited environments. From this analysis, management measures for cropping systems under specific drought conditions are derived. Major findings from literature analysis are as follows. (1) Unproductive water losses such as evaporation and runoff increase from continental in-season rainfall climates to storage-dependent winter rainfall climates. Highest losses occur under tropical residual moisture regimes with short intense rainy season. (2) Sites with a climatic dry season require adaptation via phenology and water saving to ensure stable yields. Intermittent droughts can be buffered via the root system, which is still largely underutilised for better stress resistance. (3) At short-term better management options such as mulching and date of seeding allow to adjust cropping systems to site constraints. Adapted cultivars can improve the synchronisation between crop water demand and soil supply. At long term, soil hydraulic and plant physiological constraints can be overcome by changing tillage systems and breeding new varieties with higher stress resistance. (4) Interactions between plant and soil, particularly in the rhizosphere, are a way towards better crop water supply. Targeted management of such plant-soil interactions is still at infancy.We conclude that understanding site-specific stress hydrology is imperative to select the most efficient measures to mitigate stress. Major progress in future can be expected from crop ecology focussing on the management of complex plant (root)-soil interactions.

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Section: Breeding For Dehydration Avoidancementioning

confidence: 99%

Management of crop water under drought: a review

Bodner

Nakhforoosh

Kaul

2015

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

426

234

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“…Efforts are being made to develop varieties with a vigorous and deeper root system to improve drought tolerance [28]. A large genetic variation for heat tolerance has been identified in chickpea [8,29].…”

Section: Breeding Achievementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Genomic Technologies on Chickpea Breeding Strategies

2012

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Abstract:The major abiotic and biotic stresses that adversely affect yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) include drought, heat, fusarium wilt, ascochyta blight and pod borer. Excellent progress has been made in developing short-duration varieties with high resistance to fusarium wilt. The early maturity helps in escaping terminal drought and heat stresses and the adaptation of chickpea to short-season environments. Ascochyta blight continues to be a major challenge to chickpea productivity in areas where chickpea is exposed to cool and wet conditions. Limited variability for pod borer resistance has been a major bottleneck in the development of pod borer resistant cultivars. The use of genomics technologies in chickpea breeding programs has been limited, since available genomic resources were not adequate and limited polymorphism was observed in the cultivated chickpea for the available molecular markers. Remarkable progress has been made in the development of genetic and genomic resources in recent years and integration of genomic technologies in chickpea breeding has now started. Marker-assisted breeding is currently being used for improving drought tolerance and combining resistance to diseases. The integration of genomic technologies is expected to improve the precision and efficiency of chickpea breeding in the development of improved cultivars with enhanced resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, better adaptation to existing and evolving agro-ecologies and traits preferred by farmers, industries and consumers.

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“…Screening methodology for root extension under controlled conditions in cylinders has been developed to identify germplasm with deeper and more profuse roots (Kashiwagi et al, 2006). As a result of their study, major efforts are under way to improve chickpea tolerance to terminal drought by genetically altering rooting characteristics (Gaur et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling possible benefits of root related traits to enhance terminal drought adaptation of chickpea

Vadez

Soltani

Sinclair

2012

Field Crops Research

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Chickpea is cultivated at the end of the rain in tropical and sub-tropical regions like in India. Crop growth depends on the soil moisture contained in the soil profile, commonly leading to terminal water deficits. The past three decades of research have focused on improving rooting traits, with a particular focus on the speed of root extension in the soil, making the assumption that this would lead to more water extraction. Here, we used a robust crop simulation model to assess genetic and management modifications that would affect water availability to the crop. Against expectations, increasing the rate of depth of root extension to 30 mm day -1 from a baseline of 17 mm day -1 , to reflect the characteristics of an existing root trait QTL on linkage group 5 of chickpea, brought about a yield penalty in all situations (4-6%), especially in locations where the in-season rainfall was low (up to a 15% yield penalty). By contrast, modifying soil characteristics by increasing the depth of effective water extraction from 1000 mm to 1200 mm led to yield increases in all situations (8-12%) as a result of greater water available at the end of the growing season. Changing the rate of leaf area development rate associated with the root QTL locus on LG5, had no impact on yield except for a yield increase at the two highest yielding locations. The greatest changes in yield were obtained by irrigating the crop with 30 mm at R5. The average yield gain across all locations was 29% and the high yield benefit was achieved across all yield levels. These results indicated that some benefit would come from growing the crop in soil with a higher depth of effective water extraction, which may require faster root growth in very low rainfall environments, but the greatest yield benefit would result from modest irrigation at R5.

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Improving Drought-Avoidance Root Traits in Chickpea (Cicer arietinumL.) -Current Status of Research at ICRISAT

Cited by 149 publications

References 45 publications

Management of crop water under drought: a review

Management of crop water under drought: a review

Impact of Genomic Technologies on Chickpea Breeding Strategies

Modelling possible benefits of root related traits to enhance terminal drought adaptation of chickpea

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