Improving dispersion stability of hydrochloric acid hydrolyzed cellulose nano-crystals

Shang, Zhen; An, Xingye; Seta, Frederikus Tunjung; Ma, Minglin; Shen, Mengxia; Dai, Lin; Liu, Hongbin; Ni, Yonghao

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115037

Cited by 61 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The band 3400 cm −1 slightly shifted to higher wavenumbers, which is indicative of the interactions between the ‐OH groups of the CNS and CS. [ 20 ] The sample CNS‐CS 3% present the most significant shifts and changes in the peaks' intensity, indicating that this content is the most effective.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrostatic or Steric Stabilization of the Cellulose Nanostructures Using Different Modifying Agents

Camani

Souza

Rosa

2020

Macromolecular Symposia

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Cellulose nanostructures (CNSs) are nanoscale biomaterials that have an excellent reinforcing ability; however, due to their high hydrophilic nature, its functionalization is necessary to improve the compatibility between CNS and polymeric matrices. In this work, the CNS‐functionalization with four different modifiers: cationic (CS), anionic (AS), and non‐ionic (NS) surfactant, and GA (grafting agent) is proposed. The modification is conducted in aqueous solution, using three different modifiers contents: 1, 3, and 5 wt%. The modified‐CNS are characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), zeta potential (ζ), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). CS and AS modifiers acted as electrostatic stabilizers, through charges present in its functional groups (NH3+ and SO3−, respectively); in this case, ζ and XPS results investigated the stabilization. NS and GA modifiers acted as steric stabilizers, due to their polymeric chains, which induces the repulsion between the CNS; the stabilization is confirmed mainly by DLS and XPS. Regarding thermal stability, modified‐CNS samples showed a slight decrease in thermal properties due to the presence of reactive groups in the modifiers. All the samples showed the potential to be applied as fillers in nanocomposites, with degradation temperatures above the biopolymers processing temperatures.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Siqueira and collaborators, the increase of these peaks indicates a surfactant adsorption on the CNS surface. [ 3,20,37 ] For CNS AS 5%, an increase of peak C4 is attributed to ester groups. Possibly, there was esterification of anionic surfactant with CNS free hydroxyl groups, generating ester bonds.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrostatic or Steric Stabilization of the Cellulose Nanostructures Using Different Modifying Agents

Camani

Souza

Rosa

2020

Macromolecular Symposia

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“…In general, the hydrolysis process requires a sulfuric acid concentration of 60-65%, Unlike sulfuric acid hydrolysis, a lot of publications used hydrochloric acid to extract chitin nanocrystals. Meanwhile, many researchers prefer to use sulfuric acid than hydrochloric acid because this acid can make CNC very easy to be agglomerated in an aqueous system, because of the presence of less negative charge groups on its surface (Shang et al, 2019). Hydrochloric acid has a high ability to swell chitin and cellulose, making it easier to break intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the crystalline region.…”

Section: The Structure and Extraction Methods Of Cellulose And Chitin Nanocrystalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid Acid Hydrolysis for Isolation of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Chitin Nanocrystals – A mini review

Seta¹,

Liu

2021

J selulosa

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Cellulose and chitin are two of the most abundant biopolymer on earth, have been attracted a lot of interest from many researchers, especially related to their nanoparticles form. Recently the method to extract them into nanoscale materials mostly by mineral or liquid acid hydrolysis, such as sulfuric and hydrochloric acid. Despite their high yield production, many disadvantages are produced by their use as a hydrolysis catalyst, such as low thermal stability and are difficult to be functionalized due to the presence of sulfate groups, tendency to be aggregated due to the bare surface charge density, the potential excessive degradation of cellulose; and large amounts of effluent will be produced due to the neutralization stage and corrosion hazards to the equipment and environment. To overcome the drawback of those acids, solid acid can be used to produce cellulose (CNC) and chitin nanocrystals (ChNC). Their ability to recrystallize and recycle makes them more environmentally friendly, furthermore, most of the acid can do esterification on the surface of cellulose and chitin. The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical review of recent progress related to solid acid hydrolysis since they have interesting characterization even some of their attribute is better than the conventional method.

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“…There are three methods for conventional preparation of nanocellulose. The first method is obtained by pure chemical pretreatment, that is, removing the amorphous zone of cellulose with sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid (Vanderfleet et al 2018), hydrochloric acid (Shang et al 2019), and other acids. The second method involves breaking the cellulose itself by mechanical stripping.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carboxylated nanocrystalline cellulose from Salix psammophila prepared by sulfuric acid hydrolysis combined with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidation

Gao

Zhang

Xue

et al. 2022

BioRes

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Salix psammophila (SP) is an important sand plant, and could be utilized to develop high-value products. In this work, SP was used as raw material and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were prepared by hydrolysis in 64 wt% sulfuric acid (H2SO4) solution, and then, TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO system was used to oxidize CNC to obtain TEMPO-oxidation-cellulose nanocrystals (TOCNC). Fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR) revealed that after oxidation, there were obvious carboxyl functional groups. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that both CNC and TOCNC were agglomerated. Under atomic force microscope (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), CNC and TOCNC presented short rod fibers, average diameters of 23 nm and 21 nm and average lengths of 213 nm and 165 nm, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis (XPS) showed that TOCNC generated a new energy spectrum peak at 289.06 eV, which was the peak of C=O in the carboxyl group. The crystallinity of the CNC and TOCNC were 70.8% and 26.9%, respectively.

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Improving dispersion stability of hydrochloric acid hydrolyzed cellulose nano-crystals

Cited by 61 publications

References 33 publications

Electrostatic or Steric Stabilization of the Cellulose Nanostructures Using Different Modifying Agents

Electrostatic or Steric Stabilization of the Cellulose Nanostructures Using Different Modifying Agents

Solid Acid Hydrolysis for Isolation of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Chitin Nanocrystals – A mini review

Carboxylated nanocrystalline cellulose from Salix psammophila prepared by sulfuric acid hydrolysis combined with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidation

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