Digital image technology is penetrating into various elds of people's life, and it has been very mature and can effectively store and transmit data. Moreover, there are still various researches on image recognition, the core of this technology. The algorithm is mainly based on computer technology to obtain the target image for different scene categories, thus completely replacing the traditional classi cation form. Because of the limitations of traditional identi cation technology, there are some problems in the actual use. It does not depend on the prior knowledge requirements and can carry out complex feature space division. In this paper, an image recognition computer system is established by introducing an improved neural network algorithm. The algorithm is designed and tested, and the results show it has lower image recognition error rate. Through the computer image recognition technology design system test,it is found that the recognition accuracy is higher than the AlexNet model under four real environment conditions, which indicates that the improved and optimized model has better classi cation and recognition effect, the image recognition system designed in this paper can play an effective effect in practical application. By introducing the improved neural network algorithm into this eld, this paper designs an image recognition algorithm with better effect.