“…A few researchers have proposed a guiding framework for translating visual information conveyed by signaling devices such as headings from print format into audio format (Maurel, 2004; Maurel, Lemarié, & Vigouroux, 2003; Lorch & Lemarié, 2013). The proposed model, MOTELS, stands for Modèle d ′ Oralisation des Textes Écrits pour être Lus Silencieusement (model of oralization of written texts for silent reading).…”