Improving Common Bean Performance under Drought Stress

Abstract

Drought is the second major constraint to common bean (Phaseolus vulga~s L) production after disease. This study examined yield under drought, yield potential, drought susceptibility index, harvest index, and geometric mean as potential indicators of drought resistant genotypes. The performance of two common bean populations, consisting of 78 and 95 recombinant inbred lines, was examined under moisture stress and nonstress regimes. Experiments were conducted at seven locations (1990-1994) in Michigan and Mexico to identify effective selection criteria for drought resistance. Two genotypes from each population yielded in the top 10% under both stress and nonstress conditions. Heritability estimates for yield in the Sierra/AC1028 population, based on 5 yr of data, ranged from 0.55 to 0.59 for stress and nonstress, respectively, and from 0.20 to 0.19 for stress and nonstress, respectively, in the Sierra/Lef-2RB population. Heritability for plant biomass was 0.52 for stress and 0.55 for nonstress in the Sierra/ AC1028 population and 0.15 under stress and 0.05 under nonstress in the Sierra/Lef-2RB population. One-hundred seed weight was the most highly heritable trait in both populations with heritability estimates of 0.80 for the Sierra/AC1028 population and 0.65 for the Sierra/Lef-2RB population. The geometric mean of the two moisture regimes was the single strongest indicator of performance under stress and nonstress, and a breeding strategy that involves selection based first on the geometric mean, followed by selection based on yield under stress, was suggested as the most effective strategy to improve drought resistance in common bean. S IXTY PERCENT of common bean production worldwide is grown under water stress, making drought the second largest contributor to yield reduction after disease (Singh, 1995). One of the largest production areas the world is the Mexican highlands (1800-2200 masl), where more than one million hectares of common bean are planted annually. Ninety-eight percent of this region is subjected to intermittent rainfall, and much of this area does not receive sufficient moisture for optimum performance (annual precipitation 200-400 mm). Drought in this region is categorized as intermittent stress where rainfall and/or drought can occur at any time during the growing season. This type of stress is typical of the semiarid tropics (Ludlow and Muchow, 1990). However, drought stress in the semiarid highlands is not aggravated by high temperatures inherent to the tropics (Acosta-G and White, 1995). Common bean is well

Selection for drought resistance in early generations of common bean populations

“…Rosales-Serna et al (2000) and Schneider et al (1997b) selected high-yielding drought-resistant lines when advanced recombinant inbred lines were evaluated across locations and years. Similarly, high-yielding drought-resistant lines were developed from double-cross interracial and inter-gene pool populations when F 5:7 lines were evaluated in replicated yield trials over years (Singh 1995).…”

“…Among various morphological, physiological, phenological, yield, and yield-related traits to identify drought-resistant genotypes, mean seed yield (the arithmetic and geometric) of DS and NS environments was found to be the most effective selection criterion (White et al 1994a;Abebe et al 1998;Ramirez-Vallejo and Kelly 1998). Narrow-sense heritability for seed yield under drought stress ranged from 0.09 ± 0.19 to 0.80 ± 0.15 (White et al 1994b;Singh 1995;Schneider et al 1997b). Schneider et al (1997a) reported four random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers in one bi-parental population, and five in another that were consistently associated with yield under DS, NS, and/or GM yield of DS and NS environments.…”

Resistencia a sequía terminal en frijol negro tropical.

“…La MG ha mostrado ser el criterio de selección más efectivo para resistencia a sequía en frijol; para su cálculo, se necesitan datos de rendimiento, riego y sequía, y es una medida del potencial rendimiento de cada genotipo (Abebe et al, 1998;Samper 1984). Para una selección efectiva de resistencia a sequía en frijol común, se ha propuesto basar la selección en una alta MG, seguida por selección para alto rendimiento bajo sequía (Schneider et al 1997).…”

“…Este arquetipo se mejoró en la línea de MSU con resistencia a sequía, B98311, derivada de la cruza entre la variedad "Raven" de la raza Mesoamericana (Kelly et al 1994) con la línea mejorada T-3016 con resistencia a sequía. T-3016 fue derivada de la cruza de Sierra/AC1028, y es una línea mejorada de la raza Durango de grano sin calidad comercial, identificada previamente como resistente a sequía en México y Michigan según la MG del rendimiento (Schneider et al 1997). La línea B98311 fue seleccionada por ser un genotipo de alto rendimiento bajo sequía severa en Michigan en 1998 (Kolkman y Kelly 1999).…”

Differential performance of pinto bean under varying levels of soil moisture

“…Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is produced mostly in regions of the world that typically experience a soil moisture deficit during the cropping season (Singh 1995;Schneider et al 1997). The reproductive phase of this crop is extremely vulnerable to soil moisture deficit (AcostaGallegos and Shibata 1989).…”