Improving chiller performance and energy efficiency in hydrogen station operation by tuning the auxiliary cooling

Genovese, Matteo; Blekhman, David; Dray, Michael; Fragiacomo, Petronilla

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.10.156

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…A similar effect has been achieved by tuning the water closed-loop cooling system of the boosters, but requiring a more energy-demanding energy operation for the water circuit [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…During the operation of boosters, compression causes an increase in the compressor outlet temperature. Even though Hydro-Pac (used at Cal State LA) designed its compressors with an intermediate cooling stage, the hydrogen temperature at the compressor outlet can easily reach 50-60 • C, which has a negative impact on the hose temperature down the stream, as previously investigated by the authors [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…This method of hydrogen dispensing is referred to as a "directly pressurized" refueling and is typically utilized by station operators, as depicted in Figure 1. Each of the two booster compressors is designed with a tube-in-tube interstage water cooling system, but the outlet temperature can easily reach 50-60 • C as described in [36], influencing both the energy consumption of the hydrogen chiller and the temperature of the dispenser nozzle outlet temperature.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method increases the HRS refueling capacity by 5% compared to the conventional cascade refilling control technique. Genovese et al [36] proposed a new approach to auxiliary cooling system tuning to reduce energy consumption at the station, lowering between 3 and 9% of the total energy needed for a single refueling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Comparison of Hydrogen Refueling with Directly Pressurized vs. Cascade Method

Genovese,

Blekhman,

Dray

et al. 2023

Energies

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This paper presents a comparative analysis of two hydrogen station configurations during the refueling process: the conventional “directly pressurized refueling process” and the innovative “cascade refueling process.” The objective of the cascade process is to refuel vehicles without the need for booster compressors. The experiments were conducted at the Hydrogen Research and Fueling Facility located at California State University, Los Angeles. In the cascade refueling process, the facility buffer tanks were utilized as high-pressure storage, enabling the refueling operation. Three different scenarios were tested: one involving the cascade refueling process and two involving compressor-driven refueling processes. On average, each refueling event delivered 1.6 kg of hydrogen. Although the cascade refueling process using the high-pressure buffer tanks did not achieve the pressure target, it resulted in a notable improvement in the nozzle outlet temperature trend, reducing it by approximately 8 °C. Moreover, the overall hydrogen chiller load for the two directly pressurized refuelings was 66 Wh/kg and 62 Wh/kg, respectively, whereas the cascading process only required 55 Wh/kg. This represents a 20% and 12% reduction in energy consumption compared to the scenarios involving booster compressors during fueling. The observed refueling range of 150–350 bar showed that the cascade process consistently required 12–20% less energy for hydrogen chilling. Additionally, the nozzle outlet temperature demonstrated an approximate 8 °C improvement within this pressure range. These findings indicate that further improvements can be expected in the high-pressure region, specifically above 350 bar. This research suggests the potential for significant improvements in the high-pressure range, emphasizing the viability of the cascade refueling process as a promising alternative to the direct compression approach.

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“…A similar effect has been achieved by tuning the water closed-loop cooling system of the boosters, but requiring a more energy-demanding energy operation for the water circuit [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Experimental Comparison of Hydrogen Refueling with Directly Pressurized vs. Cascade Method

Genovese,

Blekhman,

Dray

et al. 2023

Energies

Self Cite

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“…Advancements in heat exchanger technology have led to a substantial increase in the efficiency of pre-cooling units. Progress in materials and design enables enhanced heat transfer, which is crucial for rapidly and evenly cooling hydrogen [80][81][82][83]. Recent designs prioritize compactness and modularity, facilitating the integration of pre-cooling units into various hydrogen refueling stations, including those with limited space.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Exploration of Safety Measures in Hydrogen Refueling Stations: Delving into Hydrogen Equipment and Technical Performance

Genovese,

Blekhman,

Fragiacomo

2024

Hydrogen

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The present paper offers a thorough examination of the safety measures enforced at hydrogen filling stations, emphasizing their crucial significance in the wider endeavor to advocate for hydrogen as a sustainable and reliable substitute for conventional fuels. The analysis reveals a wide range of crucial safety aspects in hydrogen refueling stations, including regulated hydrogen dispensing, leak detection, accurate hydrogen flow measurement, emergency shutdown systems, fire-suppression mechanisms, hydrogen distribution and pressure management, and appropriate hydrogen storage and cooling for secure refueling operations. The paper therefore explores several aspects, including the sophisticated architecture of hydrogen dispensers, reliable leak-detection systems, emergency shut-off mechanisms, and the implementation of fire-suppression tactics. Furthermore, it emphasizes that the safety and effectiveness of hydrogen filling stations are closely connected to the accuracy in the creation and upkeep of hydrogen dispensers. It highlights the need for materials and systems that can endure severe circumstances of elevated pressure and temperature while maintaining safety. The use of sophisticated leak-detection technology is crucial for rapidly detecting and reducing possible threats, therefore improving the overall safety of these facilities. Moreover, the research elucidates the complexities of emergency shut-off systems and fire-suppression tactics. These components are crucial not just for promptly managing hazards, but also for maintaining the station’s structural soundness in unanticipated circumstances. In addition, the study provides observations about recent technical progress in the industry. These advances effectively tackle current safety obstacles and provide the foundation for future breakthroughs in hydrogen fueling infrastructure. The integration of cutting-edge technology and materials, together with the development of upgraded safety measures, suggests a positive trajectory towards improved efficiency, dependability, and safety in hydrogen refueling stations.

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Hydrogen refueling station: Overview of the technological status and research enhancement

Genovese

Fragiacomo

2023

Journal of Energy Storage

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Improving chiller performance and energy efficiency in hydrogen station operation by tuning the auxiliary cooling

Cited by 15 publications

References 45 publications

Experimental Comparison of Hydrogen Refueling with Directly Pressurized vs. Cascade Method

Experimental Comparison of Hydrogen Refueling with Directly Pressurized vs. Cascade Method

An Exploration of Safety Measures in Hydrogen Refueling Stations: Delving into Hydrogen Equipment and Technical Performance

Hydrogen refueling station: Overview of the technological status and research enhancement

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