Improving carbon fixation

Raines, Christine A.; Cavanagh, Amanda P.; Simkin, Andrew J.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-823781-6.00009-5

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…The photosynthetic capacity of a crop over the season determines the rate of growth and hence yield potential. A number of reports have now been published demonstrating that under glasshouse and field conditions, improvements in photosynthesis, including the Calvin–Benson-Bassham cycle (CBC), can improve the productivity and yield of the plant ( Driever et al 2017 ; Kubis and Bar-Even 2019 ; Simkin 2019 ; Simkin et al 2019 ; Burgess et al 2022 ; De Souza et al 2022 ; Raines et al 2022 ). In the CBC, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) catalyzes the conversion of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to the triose phosphate, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP) ( Cséke and Buchanan 1986 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase subunits A and B are essential to maintain photosynthetic efficiency

et al. 2023

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In plants, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH; EC 1.2.1.12) reversibly converts 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate coupled with the reduction of NADPH to NADP + . The GAPDH enzyme that functions in the Calvin Benson Cycle is assembled either from four glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase A subunits (GAPA) proteins forming a homotetramer (A4) or from two GAPA and two glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase B subunit (GAPB) proteins forming a heterotetramer (A2B2). The relative importance of these two forms of GAPDH in determining the rate of photosynthesis is unknown. To address this question, we measured the photosynthetic rates of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants containing reduced amounts of the GAPDH A and B subunits individually and jointly, using T-DNA insertion lines of GAPA and GAPB and transgenic GAPA and GAPB plants with reduced levels of these proteins. Here we show that decreasing the levels of either the A or B subunits decreased the maximum efficiency of CO2 fixation, plant growth, and final biomass. Finally, these data showed that the reduction in GAPA protein to 9% wild-type levels resulted in a 73% decrease in carbon assimilation rates. In contrast, eliminating GAPB protein resulted in a 40% reduction in assimilation rates. This work demonstrates that the GAPA homotetramer can compensate for the loss of GAPB, whereas GAPB alone cannot compensate fully for the loss of the GAPA subunit.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase subunits A and B are essential to maintain photosynthetic efficiency

et al. 2023

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“…Improving the efficiency of carbon fixation is one of the goals of crop production improvement to meet growing global food needs 1,2 . Engineering enzymes involved in carbon fixation is of interest not only to increase photosynthetic efficiency but also for biotechnological applications such as production of fuels and organic molecules 4,5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic lid domain ofChloroflexus aurantiacusMalonyl-CoA Reductase controls the reaction

Kabasakal

Cotton

Murray

2023

Preprint

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Malonyl-Coenzyme A Reductase (MCR) in Chloroflexus aurantiacus, a characteristic enzyme of the 3-hydroxypropionate (3-HP) cycle, catalyses the reduction of malonyl-CoA to 3-HP. MCR is a bi-functional enzyme; in the first step, malonyl-CoA is reduced to the free intermediate malonate semialdehyde by the C-terminal region of MCR, and further reduced to 3-HP by the N-terminal region of MCR. Here we present the crystal structures of both N-terminal and C-terminal regions of the split MCR from C. aurantiacus. A catalytic mechanism is suggested by ligand and substrate bound structures, and structural and kinetic studies of MCR variants. Both MCR structures reveal one catalytic, and one non-catalytic SDR (short chain dehydrogenase/reductase) domain. C-terminal MCR has a lid domain which undergoes a conformational change and controls the reaction. In the proposed mechanism of the C-terminal MCR, the conversion of malonyl-CoA to malonate semialdehyde is based on the reduction of malonyl-CoA by NADPH, followed by the decomposition of the hemithioacetal to produce malonate semialdehyde and coenzyme A. Conserved arginines, Arg734 and Arg773 are proposed to play key roles in the mechanism and conserved Ser719, and Tyr737 are other essential residues forming an oxyanion hole for the substrate intermediates.

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“…Coupled to the LET is proton transfer, which generates an electrochemical gradient of protons to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from PSII and NADPH from PSI. The ATP and NADPH are utilised as energy molecules to drive the reactions of the Benson-Calvin cycle to generate sugar molecules from organic carbon compounds produced by fixing CO 2 molecules [16] . In the LEF, the main redox components or electron carriers involved with PSII are plastoquinone (PQ), cytochrome b 6 f complex (Cyt b 6 f ), and plastocyanin (Pc), while those with the PSI are PSI reaction centre (P 700 ) and ferredoxin (Fd) (reviewed in [15] ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of plastid ndh genes in an autotrophic desert plant

Kharabian-Masouleh,

Furtado,

Alsubaie

et al. 2023

Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal

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Improving carbon fixation

Cited by 6 publications

References 79 publications

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase subunits A and B are essential to maintain photosynthetic efficiency

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase subunits A and B are essential to maintain photosynthetic efficiency

Dynamic lid domain ofChloroflexus aurantiacusMalonyl-CoA Reductase controls the reaction

Loss of plastid ndh genes in an autotrophic desert plant

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