Improving carbon efficiency and profitability of the biomass to liquid process with hydrogen from renewable power

Hillestad, Magne; Ostadi, Mohammad; Serrano, Gonzalo del Alamo; Rytter, Erling; Austbø, Bjørn; Pharoah, Jon G.; Burheim, Odne Stokke

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2018.08.004

Cited by 91 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…With an average insolation of 220 W/m 2 (corresponding to a total incoming solar power of 120 MW) and 20% efficient PV modules, the facility produces an average of 24 MW el of electrical power. A physical model for the chemical processing equipment, analyzed using the Aspen Hysys software (54), is proposed in SI Appendix: An input seawater flow of 6.2 t/h undergoes reverse osmosis desalination and electrolysis, consuming 18 MW el and producing 0.345 t/h H 2 . Some of the produced oxygen is used to combust excess H 2 to provide process heat.…”

Section: Solar Methanol Island Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renewable CO₂recycling and synthetic fuel production in a marine environment

Pàtterson

Borgschulte

et al. 2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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A massive reduction in CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel burning is required to limit the extent of global warming. However, carbonbased liquid fuels will in the foreseeable future continue to be important energy storage media. We propose a combination of largely existing technologies to use solar energy to recycle atmospheric CO 2 into a liquid fuel. Our concept is clusters of marinebased floating islands, on which photovoltaic cells convert sunlight into electrical energy to produce H 2 and to extract CO 2 from seawater, where it is in equilibrium with the atmosphere. These gases are then reacted to form the energy carrier methanol, which is conveniently shipped to the end consumer. The present work initiates the development of this concept and highlights relevant questions in physics, chemistry, and mechanics. renewable energy | carbon dioxide recycling | synthetic fuel | maritime structures L imiting anthropogenic global warming to below 2°C, a goal of the Paris Agreement of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1), now ratified by 174 countries, will require within the coming decades the phasing out of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel burning. However, in the foreseeable future, carbon-based liquid fuels will continue to play an important role, in particular for aeronautical, marine, and long-haul automotive mobility. It is therefore essential to investigate possibilities of using renewable energy to recycle CO 2 between the atmosphere and synthetic liquid fuel (2). Efforts to photochemically produce synthetic fuel from CO 2 and water (i.e., via artificial photosynthesis) show some promise (3). We propose an approach using more conventional methods, but with important unique aspects.Methanol, CH 3 OH or MeOH, is the simplest carbon-based fuel, which is liquid at ambient conditions (4). With approximately half the energy density of gasoline (15.6 MJ/L vs. 32.4 MJ/L), it can be used to power existing gas turbines, modified diesel engines, and direct methanol fuel cells. Methanol can serve as a feedstock for most petrochemical products, and by simple dehydration it can be converted to dimethyl ether, an attractive substitute for natural gas, and other hydrocarbon fuels. Methanol can be produced (5) by the catalytic hydrogenation of CO 2 [presently the largest methanol production facility using this technique is located in Iceland (6)], and MeOH burns in air to release CO 2 and water:An attractive scenario for the production of synthetic methanol fuel is the recycling of atmospheric CO 2 , the electrolytic produc-tion of H 2 , and their catalytic reaction to CH 3 OH, with all of these processes powered by renewable energy. As a concept for realizing this scenario, the present work proposes the production of H 2 and the extraction of CO 2 from seawater and their catalytic reaction to produce MeOH on clusters of artificial, marine-based photovoltaic (PV)-powered "solar methanol islands" (7) (Fig. 1). We present an initial implementation plan; in view of many uncertainties, much addition...

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Section: Solar Methanol Island Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renewable CO₂recycling and synthetic fuel production in a marine environment

Pàtterson

Borgschulte

et al. 2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…In all processes mentioned in Figure 6, except fermentation which does not involve high temperatures, RWGS can be effectively thermally integrated with the remaining process components to lower the external energy requirements. As suggested by Hillestad et al [39], RWGS reactor can be placed within the gasifier or incinerator to increase CO 2 conversion as a result of the increased temperature. High temperature conditions are essential for the reaction kinetics, as it reduces the residence time required to attain equilibrium.…”

Section: Reverse Water Gas Shift (Rwgs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This has implication on the required volume for the RWGS reactor. For instance, the RWGS reactor volume required to reach equilibrium decreases 6-fold by simply increasing the RWGS reactor temperature from 1100 • C to 1200 • C [39]. integrated with the remaining process components to lower the external energy requirements.…”

Section: Reverse Water Gas Shift (Rwgs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Process Integration of Green Hydrogen: Decarbonization of Chemical Industries

et al. 2020

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Integrated water electrolysis is a core principle of new process configurations for decarbonized heavy industries. Water electrolysis generates H2 and O2 and involves an exchange of thermal energy. In this manuscript, we investigate specific traditional heavy industrial processes that have previously been performed in nitrogen-rich air environments. We show that the individual process streams may be holistically integrated to establish new decarbonized industrial processes. In new process configurations, CO2 capture is facilitated by avoiding inert gases in reactant streams. The primary energy required to drive electrolysis may be obtained from emerging renewable power sources (wind, solar, etc.) which have enjoyed substantial industrial development and cost reductions over the last decade. The new industrial designs uniquely harmonize the intermittency of renewable energy, allowing chemical energy storage. We show that fully integrated electrolysis promotes the viability of decarbonized industrial processes. Specifically, new process designs uniquely exploit intermittent renewable energy for CO2 conversion, enabling thermal integration, H2 and O2 utilization, and sub-process harmonization for economic feasibility. The new designs are increasingly viable for decarbonizing ferric iron reduction, municipal waste incineration, biomass gasification, fermentation, pulp production, biogas upgrading, and calcination, and are an essential step forward in reducing anthropogenic CO2 emissions.

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“…The FT method defines the catalytic transform of carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas as a result of the gasification of biomass to a liquid state of hydrocarbon [9]. The nature of hydrocarbon turn to a catalyst and some other factor such as temperature, pressure and other conditions [10].…”

Section: A Thermochemical Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Introspection of Alternative Aviation Fuel Processing Technology: Benchmarks and Challenges

Azam¹,

Alhaj²,

Sulaiman³

et al. 2020

IJEAT

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Aviation industry is one of the main contributors and fastest-growing sectors in the world economy. Fuel consumption from this industry is one of the major issues that have drawn the attention of both professionals and researchers in recent years. The high dependency along with the high consumption of aviation fuel on petroleum plays a crucial role in environmental degradation due to increased carbon dioxide and other emissions, as well as in the increasing rate of fossil fuel depletion. Therefore, various potential technologies have been developed and further investigated to produce alternative aviation fuels, especially biofuels. In this article, principles, sustainability, and main concerns of different alternative aviation fuel processing technologies, with some focus on biofuels, are discussed in challenges and possible remedies. The major ecological problems connected with the application of conventional jet fuels in contrast to The advantages of biofuels implementation in the aviation industry are also highlighted. This work is aimed to show the state of the art of current alternative aviation fuels, their production technologies, and the potentiality of replacing the conventional jet fuel.

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Improving carbon efficiency and profitability of the biomass to liquid process with hydrogen from renewable power

Cited by 91 publications

References 34 publications

Renewable CO₂recycling and synthetic fuel production in a marine environment

Renewable CO₂recycling and synthetic fuel production in a marine environment

Process Integration of Green Hydrogen: Decarbonization of Chemical Industries

Introspection of Alternative Aviation Fuel Processing Technology: Benchmarks and Challenges

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Improving carbon efficiency and profitability of the biomass to liquid process with hydrogen from renewable power

Cited by 91 publications

References 34 publications

Renewable CO2recycling and synthetic fuel production in a marine environment

Renewable CO2recycling and synthetic fuel production in a marine environment

Process Integration of Green Hydrogen: Decarbonization of Chemical Industries

Introspection of Alternative Aviation Fuel Processing Technology: Benchmarks and Challenges

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Product

Resources

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Renewable CO₂recycling and synthetic fuel production in a marine environment

Renewable CO₂recycling and synthetic fuel production in a marine environment