Improving bio-H2 production by manganese doped magnetic carbon

Advanced bioH2 and bioCH4 production with cobalt-doped magnetic carbon

“…The surface groups, specic surface area, structural morphology and element composition of CDMC were analyzed based on a previous study. 15 The chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium (NH 4 + ), total solids (TS, wt%) and volatile solids (VS, wt%) contents and pH were determined by following standard analysis methods for water and wastewater. 19 The total organic carbon (TOC, mg L À1 ) and inorganic carbon (IC, mg L À1 ) in the liquid phase were measured with a TOC analyzer (TOC-LCPHCN 200, Shimadzu, Japan).…”

“…As described in a previous report, the distribution and levels of SMPs, such as acetic acid (HAc), propionic acid (HPr), butyric acid (HBu) and ethanol (EtOH), were measured using gas chromatography (GC-2010, Japan) connected with a ame ionization detector. 15 In addition, biogas components (e.g., H 2 , CO 2 and CH 4 ) were determined by another gas chromatograph connected with a thermal conductivity detector (GC-2014C, Japan), whereas the volume of biogas produced was collected by employing a gas displacement technique. The injector and detector were controlled at 150 C and 180 C, respectively.…”

“…Prior to microbial observation, the culture immobilization was performed, as shown in a previous work. 15 The morphologies of mixed cultures in the control and CDMC groups were observed with an emission scanning electronic microscope (SEM, Supra-55, Germany). To conrm the magnetic property of NDMC, its pattern was determined via a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM, SQUID-MPMS3, USA) at room temperature.…”

“…Supplementing anaerobic systems with such elements has been shown to play vital roles in boosting biogas generation. [13][14][15] Related studies have revealed that an increased biogas yield and lowered VFA inhibition were attributed to some trace metals that exhibited dominant effects in buffering and microbial metabolism during biogas evolution. 14,15 A moderate amount of trace elements improved the assimilative capacity of a mixed culture, improving biogas generation.…”

“…Moreover, Fe participates in oxidase and cytochrome formation. 15 In typical biogas generation systems, Fe is oen supplemented at a higher amount than are Co and Ni. 13 Some studies have revealed that a moderate amount of iron, such as Fe 2+ , Fe 3 O 4 , Fe 0 , and Fe 2 O 3 , boosted Fehydrogenase activity, which caused biomagnication of the H 2 yield.…”