Improving bactericidal performance of implant composite coatings by synergism between Melittin and tetracycline

Abstract

Methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (MRSA) are serious hazards of bone implants. The present study was aimed to use the potential synergistic effects of Melittin and tetracycline to prevent MRSA associated bone implant infection. Chitosan/bioactive glass nanoparticles/tetracycline composite coatings were deposited on hydrothermally etched titanium substrate. Melittin was then coated on composite coatings by drop casting method. The surfaces were analyzed by FTIR, XRD, and SEM instruments. Tetracycline in coatings revealed multifunctional behaviors include bone regeneration and antibacterial activity. Releasing ALP enzyme from MC3T3 cells increased by tetracycline, so it is suitable candidate as osteoinductive and antibacterial agent in orthopedic implants coatings. Melittin increased the proliferation of MC3T3 cells. Composite coatings with combination of tetracycline and Melittin eradicate all MRSA bacteria, while coatings with one of them could no t eradicate all of the bacteria. In conclusion, chitosan/bioactive glass/tetracycline/Melittin coating can be suggested as a multifunctional bone implant coating because of its osteogenic and promising antibacterial activity.

Antibiofilm effect of melittin alone and in combination with conventional antibiotics toward strong biofilm of MDR-MRSA and -Pseudomonas aeruginosa

“…The synergy caused by melittin with antibiotics is most likely related to the site of their action on the bacterial membrane, cell wall, RNA polymerase, DNA gyrase, and protein synthesis inhibition (Zarghami et al, 2021b(Zarghami et al, , 2022Mirzaei et al, 2022a). Melittin disrupts the integrity of the cell membrane and creates pores that probably facilitate the penetration of antibiotics into the bacteria, and in the next step, the antibiotics inhibit the growth of the bacteria and also kill the bacteria through the mentioned targets (Lee et al, 2013;Światły-Błaszkiewicz and Mrówczyńska, 2020;Zarghami et al, 2021aZarghami et al, , 2022Akbari et al, 2022).…”

“…The synergy caused by melittin with antibiotics is most likely related to the site of their action on the bacterial membrane, cell wall, RNA polymerase, DNA gyrase, and protein synthesis inhibition (Zarghami et al, 2021b(Zarghami et al, , 2022Mirzaei et al, 2022a). Melittin disrupts the integrity of the cell membrane and creates pores that probably facilitate the penetration of antibiotics into the bacteria, and in the next step, the antibiotics inhibit the growth of the bacteria and also kill the bacteria through the mentioned targets (Lee et al, 2013;Światły-Błaszkiewicz and Mrówczyńska, 2020;Zarghami et al, 2021aZarghami et al, , 2022Akbari et al, 2022). Most importantly, melittin has been found to have some convergent anti-biofilm mechanisms, including membrane degradation of biofilm-embedded bacteria, degradation of biofilm matrix, and downregulation of genes responsible for biofilm formation (Bardbari et al, 2018;Khozani et al, 2019;Shams et al, 2020;Zarghami et al, 2021b).…”

Rapid eradication of vancomycin and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by MDP1 antimicrobial peptide coated on photocrosslinkable chitosan hydrogel: in vitro antibacterial and in silico molecular docking studies

“…Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of MDP1 were determined against S. aureus ATCC 29213 along with clinical multidrugresistant (MDR) bacterial isolates (VRSA and MRSA) (Zarghami et al, 2022). The examined bacteria were cultured in MHB medium at 37 °C for overnight and an initial suspension of the bacteria was prepared and adjusted to 0.5 McFarland turbidity (equivalent to 1.5 × 10 8 CFU/mL at 625 nm) to achieve an optical density of 0.09.…”

Progress in Surface Modification of Titanium Implants by Hydrogel Coatings

“…Due to their pH, ionic strength, and temperature sensitivity, chitosan-based hydrogels have good application prospects in the fields of targeting, sustained drug release, tissue engineering, and medical dressings [53]. Chitosan-based hydrogel coatings increase the antibacterial ability of the implant by loading antibacterial agents [54][55][56], or metal ions (Ag, Cu) [57][58][59][60]. Coatings give the implant the photocatalytic antibacterial effect by modifying or loading novel semiconductor materials, such as graphene [61], molybdenum disulfide [62], black phosphorus [63], and molybdenum diselenide [64].…”