Improving Antibacterial and Anti-biofilmic properties of urological catheters with Eucalyptus, Rosemary, Green tea and Ziziphora extracts by impregnation method

Abstract

The main complications of urinary catheters are the bacteria's biofilm formation and the urinary tract infection caused by gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. In the recent years, the attention has changed its direction toward the antimicrobial, anti-biofilmic, and hydrophobicity effects of herbal extracts. Some of these extracts can inhibit the colonization of the two bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli which are resistant to antibiotics. These bacteria can stick to the surface of polymer materials due to their hydrophobicity. Thus, antibacterial hydrophilic herbal extracts are supposed to help reduce the risk of the surficial infection if they are used to impregnate the urinary catheters. In this research, the extracts of these four plants eucalyptus, rosemary, green tea and ziziphora were used as the antibacterial agents. After the impregnation and modification of the sample catheters, they were tested by AFM, FE-SEM, ATR-FTIR methods to measure their mechanical, chemical, and hydrophilic properties, during the 21-day experiment period, compared to non-impregnated ones. The tests showed the silicone catheters impregnated by the herbal extracts have some significant anti-biofilmic and antibacterial properties (P˂0.0001) due to the increase in their hydrophilic property. The impregnated catheters could be release the extracts and killed bacteria in 21 days Therefore; some herbal extracts can be good alternatives to chemical drugs.

Fungal biocompounds as strategy to control infection associated with urinary catheter

“…Previous research concluded that the use of natural products in urinary catheters significantly reduced colonization (Jordan et al 2015) and bacterial adhesion (Adesina et al 2015), showing an antibiofilm effect (Cai et al 2014;Namasivayam & Roy 2013;Akhlaghi-Ardekani et al 2021), with more promising results than standard antibiotics (Ezeonu et al 2009).…”

Minimum inhibitory but maximum non-hemolytic concentration of plasma-treated catheters coated with L. tridentata and O. vulgare extracts

“…Many plant extracts have been used to endow surface antibacterial characteristics to catheters. Aqueous extracts of Aloe vera, Carica papaya, Psidium guajava, Gongronema latifolium, Ocimum gratissimum, Vernonia amygdalina [15], Evolvulus alsinoides [16], and Ziziphora [17,18], ethanolic extracts of Azadirachta indica [19], Camellia sinensis, Eucalyptus, and Salvia rosmarinus [17,18], and methanolic extracts of Mangifera indica, Ocimum gratissimum, and Psidium guajava [20,21], among others, have been used to prevent catheter colonization from clinically relevant bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus spp., and urine bacteria. However, although biocompatibility plays an essential role in the clinical applications of materials, the hemolytic activity of extract-coated catheters has not been reported yet [12].…”