“…Airspace constraints relate to the aforementioned reasons (adverse weather, other airspace users, airline operations, and air traffic management) for flight delays, diversions, and cancellations. Capacity that is only dependent on the airspace configuration is regarded as the static capacity, whereas dynamic capacity fluctuates to account for other factors such as weather [2][3][4][5][6][7], especially convective weather [8,9]. The convective weather avoidance model relates the required convective weather information, such as the echo top and vertically integrated liquid (VIL) level, to the weather avoidance field and route blockage concept in order to calculate capacity decreases [3,10,11].…”