Improvements to mechanical response tissue analysis

Abstract

Graphical abstract

Fracture discrimination capability of ulnar flexural rigidity measured via Cortical Bone Mechanics Technology: study protocol for The STRONGER Study

“… 39 Despite these promising data, MRTA was never successfully commercialized for numerous reasons, some of which related to the technology having several sources of error. 31 , 40-42 For instance, the original MRTA design was highly sensitive to probe placement and lacked robust mechanical grounds (or end conditions) needed for conducting a rigorous 3-point bend test.…”

“…This resurgence capitalizes on structural vibration analysis of bone in its reinvented 21st century form – Cortical Bone Mechanics Technology (CBMT). 40 Cortical Bone Mechanics Technology incorporates several noteworthy improvements, such as the integration of robotics and machine intelligence to (1) collect data at multiple sites across the mid-shaft of the ulna bone in the forearm, overcoming issues around probe placement and (2) employ novel algorithms to real-time recognition of distinctive features in accurate data. 13 , 40 Furthermore, the hardware design of CBMT has been refined to provide adjustable and stable end conditions, ensuring a more idealized 3-point bend test (refer to the "Methods” section for additional details).…”

“…Cortical Bone Mechanics Technology utilizes multifrequency vibration analysis to conduct a noninvasive, dynamic 3-point bending test, enabling direct and functional mechanical measurements of ulnar cortical bone, such as flexural rigidity. 13 , 40 As a whole bone test, CBMT’s measurements reflect the combined influences of bone quantity, structure, and quality at all hierarchical levels. 13 , 40 Its validity in accurately measuring ulna flexural rigidity and estimating quasistatic ulna bending strength has been demonstrated.…”

“… 13 , 40 As a whole bone test, CBMT’s measurements reflect the combined influences of bone quantity, structure, and quality at all hierarchical levels. 13 , 40 Its validity in accurately measuring ulna flexural rigidity and estimating quasistatic ulna bending strength has been demonstrated. 40 , 43 Cortical Bone Mechanics Technology-derived flexural rigidity provided a near perfect estimate of cadaveric bone strength ( R 2 = 0.99).…”

“… 13 , 40 Its validity in accurately measuring ulna flexural rigidity and estimating quasistatic ulna bending strength has been demonstrated. 40 , 43 Cortical Bone Mechanics Technology-derived flexural rigidity provided a near perfect estimate of cadaveric bone strength ( R 2 = 0.99). 43 Moreover, flexural rigidity of human cadaveric bone, as measured by CBMT, decreased by 21% following potassium hydroxide-induced collagen degradation, while BMD remained unaltered.…”