Improvements of electron injection efficiency using subphthalocyanine mixed with lithium fluoride in cathode structures of organic light emitting diodes

Crystal Structures, Reaction Rates, and Selected Physical Properties of Halo-Boronsubphthalocyanines (Halo = Fluoride, Chloride, and Bromide)

“…Recently, research targeting organic electronic devices has triggered renewed interest in BsubPcs as functional organic molecules. ,,− As organic electronic materials, BsubPcs have been successfully incorporated into organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) , where the energy levels of the frontier molecular orbitals of BsubPc are a better match than normal phthalocyanine with commonly used OPV materials such as C 60 resulting in better device performance . They also have applications in other areas of organic electronics, such as organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) − and field effect transistors . Crucially, BsubPcs are stable under typical process conditions .…”

“…BsubPcs are also very functionalizable: we have found that different axial groups can vary BsubPc’s solubility ,, and alter its solid state arrangement without changing the inherent electronic and physical properties. ,− Changes at the molecule’s peripheral positions can change the electronic characteristics such as electron accepting or donating behavior . These two “handles” have been used to obtain BsubPc derivatives with an extensive range of physical, chemical, and electronic properties. ,,, …”

In Situ Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Investigation of Subphthalocyanine and Subnaphthalocyanine Adlayers on a Au(111) Electrode

“…Although the central boron atom is sp 3 -coordinated, which leads to a nonplanar cone-shaped structure, SubPc has a 14 π-electron aromatic conjugated system. SubPc's have a wide range of applications in solar cells, − nonlinear optics, , and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) , because of their unique photophysical and electronic properties. The adsorption behavior of SubPc's on crystalline surfaces has been studied previously. − Berner et al reported that a solid ordered phase of SubPc coexists with a 2D lattice gas on Ag(111) at room temperature, medium coverage (0.2–0.5 monolayer). , In contrast, a highly ordered structure of SubPc was observed only for coverage at or above one monolayer, owing to the high mobility of SubPc on Au(111) at room temperature .…”

“…Although the central boron atom is sp 3 -coordinated, which leads to a nonplanar cone-shaped structure, SubPc has a 14 π-electron aromatic conjugated system. SubPc's have a wide range of applications in solar cells, 25−27 nonlinear optics, 28,29 and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) 30,31 because of their unique photophysical and electronic properties. The adsorption behavior of SubPc's on crystalline surfaces has been studied previously.…”