Improvements in the determination of urea using diacetyl monoxime; methods with and without deproteinisation

Rahmatullah, Mohammed; Boyde, T. R. C.

doi:10.1016/0009-8981(80)90407-6

Cited by 472 publications

(250 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The following parameters were assessed, serum creatinine by Jaffe's method [34], blood urea nitrogen by diacetylmonoxime method [35], total protein and albumin by biuret method [36] and urine output [37] and histopathological changes in the all groups.…”

Section: Assessment Of Renal Failure and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant and Nephroprotective Activities of Aconitum heterophyllum Root in Glycerol Induced Acute Renal Failure in Rats

Konda

Eerike

Raghuraman

et al. 2016

JCDR

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Section: Assessment Of Renal Failure and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant and Nephroprotective Activities of Aconitum heterophyllum Root in Glycerol Induced Acute Renal Failure in Rats

Konda

Eerike

Raghuraman

et al. 2016

JCDR

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“…Reducing sugars were estimated with phenol-sulphuric acid (Dubois et al, 1956); lactate, with p-hydroxiphenyl phenol (Harrower & Brown, 1972); pyruvate, by dinitrophenyl hydrazine-NaOH (Lu, 1939); free amino acids, by ninhidrine (Copley, 1941); ammonia, by nesslerization (Gentzkow & Masen, 1942); urea, by diacetyl monoxime (Rahmatullah & Boyde, 1980); and urate, by carbonate-phosphotungstate (Henry et al, 1957). Triglycerides were determined by the enzymaticcolorimetric test (McGowan et al, 1983).…”

Section: Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic adjustments during semi-aestivation of the marble swamp eel (Synbranchus marmoratus, Bloch 1795) - a facultative air breathing fish

Moraes¹,

Altran²,

Avilez³

et al. 2005

Braz. J. Biol.

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Metabolic changes, principally in intermediary metabolism and nitrogen excretion, were investigated in the marble swamp eel (Synbranchus marmoratus) after 15 and 45 days of artificially induced semi-aestivation. Glucose, glycogen, lactate, pyruvate, free amino acids, triglycerides, ammonia, urea, and urate contents were determined in liver, kidney, white muscle, heart, brain, and plasma. Lactate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase, glutamine synthase, ornithine carbamoyl transferase, and arginase enzymes were assayed. The teleost S. marmoratus maintained initial energetic demands by lipid oxidation. The course of normal oxidative processes was observed through tissue enzyme profiles. After the lipid stores were exhausted, the fish consumed body proteins. Constant values of hematocrit during induced semi-aestivation suggested that the water balance remained normal. Therefore, the surrounding water was probably did not trigger the semi-aestivation in this teleost. Decrease of ammonia and increase of renal urea synthesis after 45 days of semi-aestivation led to the assumption that an alternative form of eliminating ammonia exists. Metabolic changes entailed by starvation were proposed to explain the biosynthesis of small molecules involved in the semi-aestivation of S. marmoratus.Key words: semi-aestivation, metabolism, adaptation, Synbranchus marmoratus, nitrogen excretion. RESUMO

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“…Water samples were analyzed for urea content using a colorimetric assay described by Rahmatullah and Boyde (1980). The detection limits of this assay were 0.1-100·µmol·l -1 ·urea.…”

Section: Water Sample Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Urea was measured using the method described by Rahmatullah and Boyde (1980). All tissue and yolk samples were prepared for urea analysis as described by Steele et al (2001), with the following exceptions.…”

Section: Tissue Osmolyte Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Dogmas and controversies in the handling of nitrogenous wastes:Osmoregulation during early embryonic development in the marine little skate Raja erinacea; response to changes in external salinity

Steele

Yancey

Wright

2004

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Marine elasmobranchs retain relatively high levels of urea to counterbalance the osmotic strength of seawater. Oviparous species, such as the little skate Raja erinacea, release encapsulated embryos that hatch after about 9 months on the seafloor. To study the ureosmotic capability of skate embryos, we measured a variety of possible osmolytes and ornithine-urea cycle (OUC) enzyme activities in little skate embryos, and determined their physiological response to dilute seawater (75% SW) exposure relative to controls (100% SW). The urea:trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) + other osmolytes ratio was 2.3-2.7:1. At the earliest stage of development investigated (4 months), there were significant levels of the key OUC enzyme, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase III, as well as ornithine transcarbamoylase, arginase and glutamine synthetase, providing evidence for a functional OUC. Embryos (4 and 8 months) survived and recovered from exposure to 5 days of 75% SW. There was a significant increase in the rate of urea excretion (five-to tenfold), no change in OUC enzyme activities, and significant decreases in the tissue content of urea, TMAO and other osmolytes in embryos exposed to 75% SW compared to 100% SW. Taken together, the data indicate that little skate embryos synthesize and retain urea, as well as a suite of other osmolytes, in order to regulate osmotic balance with the external environment. Interestingly, these ureosmotic mechanisms are in place as early as 4 months, around the time at which the egg capsule opens and the embryo is in more direct contact with the external environment.

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Improvements in the determination of urea using diacetyl monoxime; methods with and without deproteinisation

Cited by 472 publications

References 11 publications

Antioxidant and Nephroprotective Activities of Aconitum heterophyllum Root in Glycerol Induced Acute Renal Failure in Rats

Antioxidant and Nephroprotective Activities of Aconitum heterophyllum Root in Glycerol Induced Acute Renal Failure in Rats

Metabolic adjustments during semi-aestivation of the marble swamp eel (Synbranchus marmoratus, Bloch 1795) - a facultative air breathing fish

Dogmas and controversies in the handling of nitrogenous wastes:Osmoregulation during early embryonic development in the marine little skate Raja erinacea; response to changes in external salinity

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