Improvements in Colour Fundus Imaging Using Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy

Ashman, Ross A.; Reinholz, Fred; Eikelboom, Robert H.

doi:10.1007/pl00011337

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Structural features of the retinal microcirculation can be examined using analogue or digital fundus photography, or more recently by scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. 22 The relative simplicity of retinal photography means that it can be employed in large-scale epidemiological studies. For example, the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study has shown associations between retinal microcirculatory abnormalities, such as arteriolar narrowing, and the risk of incident stroke.…”

Section: Intravital Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the microcirculation in hypertension and cardiovascular disease

Struijker‐Boudier

Rosei

Bruneval

et al. 2007

European Heart Journal

111

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The ability to investigate the microvascular structure and function is important in improving our understanding of pathophysiological processes in hypertension and related cardiovascular disease. A range of techniques are available or emerging for investigating different aspects of the microcirculation in animals and humans. Techniques such as experimental intravital microscopy and clinical intravital microscopy (e.g. orthogonal polarization spectral imaging) allow visualization at the level of single microvessels. Venous occlusion plethysmography can be used to measure blood flow in organs, and laser Doppler flowmetry to measure red cell flux in small areas of tissue. Positron emission tomography, myocardial contrast echocardiography, and magnetic resonance imaging provide three-dimensional imaging of local blood flow. The current and potential clinical usefulness of these different techniques is evaluated. The technical quality and availability for clinical use of some of the techniques should improve dramatically during the next few years. 'Molecular imaging'-the combination of these techniques with genetic, molecular, and computational approaches-offers great potential for use in research and in diagnosis and the monitoring of disease progression or the results of therapy. Closer attention to the microcirculation will ultimately improve the treatment and prevention of many of the most important forms of cardiovascular disease.

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Section: Intravital Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the microcirculation in hypertension and cardiovascular disease

Struijker‐Boudier

Rosei

Bruneval

et al. 2007

European Heart Journal

111

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“…Green lasers have attracted a lot of attention for use in numerous promising applications. Armarium [1][2][3][4][5] is one such application, used in prostate surgery to removing prostatic tissue. 1) 532 nm laser light can eliminate prostatic tissue which can highly and selectively absorb the laser and can result in thermal energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green VCSELs based on nitride semiconductors

Mei

et al. 2020

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are promising in various applications including full-color mobile projectors, laser precision processing, display, armarium and high-speed air-water optical wireless communication systems with a unique combination of advantages. However, GaN-based VCSELs with emission wavelengths in green are challenging because of the low emission efficiency of green emitting InGaN QWs. This is known as the "green gap", which is mainly caused by the quantum-confined Stark effect and the high density of defects and dislocations. In this paper, we would like to discuss the origin of the "green gap" and possible approaches to overcome it, and then review our recent progress in green VCSELs: (1) lasing from 479.6 to 565.7 nm by using QD active area; (2) lasing at 545 nm by using QD-in-QW active structure; (3) lasing at 493 nm by utilizing blue-emitting InGaN QWs with the combination of cavity effect.

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“…The introduction of color imaging to the SLO was first demonstrated by Manivannan et al [13] by using red, green, and blue lasers sequentially to acquire red, green, and blue reflectance images of the retina on a single detector. Simultaneous color imaging with three color lasers and three detectors [14,15] and quasi-simultaneous color imaging using pulsed red, green, and blue lasers and a single detector [16,17] were also demonstrated and shown to obtain color fundus images that resembled color fundus photography but with higher contrast. Recently, an SLO employing adaptive optics has demonstrated color imaging using narrowband red, green, and blue filters on a supercontinuum source with each color obtained sequentially [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

True color scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and optical coherence tomography handheld probe

Larocca¹,

Nankivil²,

Farsiu³

et al. 2014

Biomed. Opt. Express

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Scanning laser ophthalmoscopes (SLOs) are able to achieve superior contrast and axial sectioning capability compared to fundus photography. However, SLOs typically use monochromatic illumination and are thus unable to extract color information of the retina. Previous color SLO imaging techniques utilized multiple lasers or narrow band sources for illumination, which allowed for multiple color but not "true color" imaging as done in fundus photography. We describe the first "true color" SLO, handheld color SLO, and combined color SLO integrated with a spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) system. To achieve accurate color imaging, the SLO was calibrated with a color test target and utilized an achromatizing lens when imaging the retina to correct for the eye's longitudinal chromatic aberration. Color SLO and OCT images from volunteers were then acquired simultaneously with a combined power under the ANSI limit. Images from this system were then compared with those from commercially available SLOs featuring multiple narrow-band color imaging.

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Improvements in Colour Fundus Imaging Using Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Evaluation of the microcirculation in hypertension and cardiovascular disease

Evaluation of the microcirculation in hypertension and cardiovascular disease

Green VCSELs based on nitride semiconductors

True color scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and optical coherence tomography handheld probe

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