Improvements in collimator design for verification of uranium enrichment in gaseous centrifuge header pipes of diameter 4.45 cm and 10.16 cm

IAEA Verification Experiment at the Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant: Report on the Cascade Header Enrichment Monitor

“…While this is not always possible in practice, it was possible for this work. Another method, the two-geometry technique, has been developed to measure the enrichment of~b gas in a header pipe in the presence of deposits, without the need for a separate deposit measurement [2][3][4]. If the deposits had increased significantly during the blending operation, then the deposits would have been remeasured or the two-geometry technique would have been implemented.…”

A Game Theoretic Approach to Nuclear Safeguards Selection and Optimization

“…The unit is attached to the aluminum pipe walls, which are about 5 mm thick [92]. Pressure at this point is around or less than 10 torr [54], [93], [94]. Eight NaI detectors measure the intensity of the 186-keV 235 U gamma peak to determine the total mass of 235 U.…”