Improvement of wind field hindcasts for tropical cyclones

Pan, Yi; Chen, Yongping; Li, Jiang-xia; Ding, Xuhui

doi:10.1016/j.wse.2016.02.002

Cited by 72 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The resulting TC wind was then merged with the CCMP.V2 wind at a radial distance from the TC center where the difference of the two wind speeds is a minimum, which is typically 250–500 km depending on the storm (cf. Pan et al, ). The merged wind data were checked for self‐consistency against all available observed NDBC buoy winds and IBTrACS maximum wind speeds for TCs from 1992 to 2015, yielding a regression slope = 1.02 and r 2 = 0.93.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Observational Analysis of Ocean Surface Waves in Tropical Cyclones in the Western North Pacific Ocean

Zhang

Oey

2019

JGR Oceans

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Knowledge of ocean surface waves in tropical cyclones (TCs) is necessary to calculate air-sea exchanges of momentum and enthalpy for improved TC predictions. Here we use 24 years of TC and significant wave height (SWH) observations in the western North Pacific to analyze storm-following waves within the TC. The SWH was composited according to the TC translation speed, U h , and TC intensity based on V m , the maximum 10-m wind speed. The results show that SWH is largely symmetrical for slow-moving TCs when U h is less than 3 m/s and is asymmetric for faster-moving storms with larger waves in the right-front quadrant referenced to the TC heading. For a class of TCs translating at a medium U h between 3 and 7 m/s, a little less than the waves' group speed, near resonance leads to strong asymmetry with over 50% of waves with SWH exceeding 7-8 m on the right-front quadrant. As V m intensifies to 50 m/s and greater, extreme waves develop and become saturated: SWH ≈ 10-11 m, corresponding to when, as shown in previous studies, the momentum exchange coefficient C D levels off while the enthalpy exchange coefficient C k may increase. Over 80% of the saturated waves then reside in the right-front quadrant, indicating the quadrant's dominant influence on C D and C k . The medium-translating TCs were found to have a greater propensity for intensification than other types of TCs. Our results suggest a link between TC intensity, translation, and wave saturation and asymmetry in the right-front quadrant.Plain Language Summary Tropical cyclones-hurricanes and/or typhoons-are among the most spectacular yet destructive natural phenomena on Earth. Knowledge of ocean surface waves produced by tropical cyclones is necessary to improve the estimates of heat and momentum exchanges between the storm and the sea, which in turn can lead to improved storm predictions. Here we analyzed observations of tropical cyclone tracks, winds, and significant wave heights in the western North Pacific from 1992 to 2015, by following each storm to study wave patterns and properties within a few hundred kilometer radius of the cyclone's center. Our results show that the development of extreme waves 10-11 m on the right-front portion of the storm is related to a class of cyclones that move over the ocean surface neither too slowly nor too quickly and that are also more prone to intensification.Previous observational and modeling studies have yielded insights into how ocean surface waves evolve under TCs Holthuijsen et al., 2012;Hwang & Walsh, 2016;Wright et al., 2001). Under a translating TC, ocean surface waves develop asymmetric patterns with highest significant wave height (SWH; H s ) in the anticyclonic-front quadrant referenced to the TC heading (i.e., right-front (RF) quadrant in the Northern Hemisphere, and left-front (LF) quadrant in the Southern Hemisphere; Bowyer & MacAfee, 2005; Fan et al., ZHANG AND OEY 184

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Observational Analysis of Ocean Surface Waves in Tropical Cyclones in the Western North Pacific Ocean

Zhang

Oey

2019

JGR Oceans

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“…Combining the reanalysis or dynamic and parametric typhoon winds is believed to generate a better wind field in both the near-field and far-field regions of typhoons for storm wave and surge modeling [1,4,5,15,[46][47][48]. Hence, two methods were applied to construct the hybrid winds from the CFSV2 and MRV and from the ERA5 and MRV.…”

Section: Hybrid Typhoon Wind Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…β = (7 − r/R max )/5, in which r is the radial distance from the center of the typhoon to an arbitrary point. Method number 2 (H2) is recommended by [46] and can be expressed as follows:…”

Section: Hybrid Typhoon Wind Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of Large Wave Heights from Super Typhoon Nepartak (2016) in the Eastern Waters of Taiwan

Hsiao

Chen

et al. 2020

JMSE

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Super Typhoon Nepartak (2016) was used for this case study because it is the most intense typhoon that made landfall in Taiwan in the past decade. Winds extracted from the Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSV2) and ERA5 datasets and merged with a parametric typhoon model using two hybrid techniques served as the meteorological conditions for driving a coupled wave-circulation model. The computed significant wave heights were compared with the observations recorded at three wave buoys in the eastern waters of Taiwan. Model performance in terms of significant wave height was also investigated by employing the CFSV2 winds under varying spatial and temporal resolutions. The results of the numerical experiments reveal that the simulated storm wave heights tended to decrease significantly due to the lower spatial resolution of the hourly winds from the CFSV2 dataset; however, the variations in the storm wave height simulations were less sensitive to the temporal resolution of the wind field. Introducing the combination of the CFSV2 and the parametric typhoon winds greatly improved the storm wave simulations, and similar phenomena can be found in the exploitation of the ERA5 dataset blended into the parametric wind field. The overall performance of the hybrid winds derived from ERA5 was better than that from the CFSV2, especially in the outer region of Super Typhoon Nepartak (2016).

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“…A combined usage of the parametric typhoon model and a reanalysis wind data is believed to generate better wind fields for an entire typhoon. The superposition method proposed by [54] was employed to create typhoon wind fields. The formulas for the calculation of the hybrid typhoon wind field (W HT ) are as follows:…”

Section: (3) Hybrid Typhoon Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hazard Assessment of Typhoon-Driven Storm Waves in the Nearshore Waters of Taiwan

Chang

Shih

Chen

et al. 2018

Water

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Abstract:In Taiwan, the coastal hazard from typhoon-induced storm waves poses a greater threat to human life and infrastructure than storm surges. Therefore, there has been increased interest in assessing the storm wave hazard levels for the nearshore waters of Taiwan. This study hindcasted the significant wave heights (SWHs) of 124 historical typhoon events from 1978 to 2017 using a fully coupled model and hybrid wind fields (a combination of the parametric typhoon model and reanalysis products). The maximum SWHs of each typhoon category were extracted to create individual storm wave hazard maps for the sea areas of the coastal zones (SACZs) in Taiwan. Each map was classified into five hazard levels (I to V) and used to generate a comprehensive storm wave hazard map. The results demonstrate that the northern and eastern nearshore waters of Taiwan are threatened by a hazard level IV (SWHs ranging from 9.0 to 12.0 m) over a SACZ of 510.0 km 2 and a hazard level V (SWHs exceeding 12.0 m) over a SACZ of 2152.3 km 2 . The SACZs threatened by hazard levels I (SWHs less than 3.0 m), II (SWHs ranging from 3.0 to 6.0 m), and III (SWHs ranging from 6.0-9.0 m) are of 1045.2 km 2 , 1793.9 km 2 , and 616.1 km 2 , respectively, and are located in the western waters of Taiwan.

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Improvement of wind field hindcasts for tropical cyclones

Cited by 72 publications

References 21 publications

An Observational Analysis of Ocean Surface Waves in Tropical Cyclones in the Western North Pacific Ocean

An Observational Analysis of Ocean Surface Waves in Tropical Cyclones in the Western North Pacific Ocean

Numerical Simulation of Large Wave Heights from Super Typhoon Nepartak (2016) in the Eastern Waters of Taiwan

Hazard Assessment of Typhoon-Driven Storm Waves in the Nearshore Waters of Taiwan

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