Improvement of the heat treatment of Jack pine (Pinus banksiana) using ThermoWood technology

Poncsák, Sándor; Kocaefe, Duygu; Younsi, R.

doi:10.1007/s00107-010-0426-x

Cited by 41 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Results showed increased ASE values in the tangential direction for Corsican pine and Douglas fir heartwood samples, consistent with P. banksiana (Poncsak et al 2011), P. sylvestris and P. radiata (Militz 2002). However, despite substantial stability improvement in the tangential direction, the anisotropy coefficient (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

“…These values were considerably lower compared to Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata, >60% -Cao et al 2012). Moreover, the ASE value in Douglas fir was comparable to the volume swelling obtained by Li et al (2011).Results showed increased ASE values in the tangential direction for Corsican pine and Douglas fir heartwood samples, consistent with P. banksiana (Poncsak et al 2011), P. sylvestris and P. radiata (Militz 2002). However, despite substantial stability improvement in the tangential direction, the anisotropy coefficient (Fig.…”

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confidence: 73%

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Physical and mechanical characteristics of poor-quality wood after heat treatment

Romagnoli¹,

Cavalli²,

Pernarella³

et al. 2015

iForest

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© iForest -Biogeosciences and Forestry IntroductionHigh-temperature heat treatment is considered a suitable method to improve wood characteristics. It reduces toxic chemical applications normally required to increase wood durability (Kandem et al. 2002, Welzbacher & Rapper 2007, Mohareb et al. 2010 and enhance dimensional stability, reducing the hygroscopic behavior of the material (Kortelainen et al. 2006). High-temperature treatment can be viewed as a type of wood modification, due to the possibility of controlling color changes (Bekhta & Niemz 2003, Johanson & Moren 2006, Esteves et al. 2007a, 2008 and mechanical performance (Bekhta & Niemz 2003, Welzbacher et al. 2007, Bal 2014. The process results in a new material in terms of durability, woodwater relationships and some mechanical properties, which exhibits performance dependent on the specific high-temperature treatment conditions (Militz 2002, 2008, but the wood product does not present any environmental hazards in its disposal (Hillis 2006). The final product typically has the disadvantage of reduced mass and mechanical performance, although some difference in degree of change has been observed between softwoods and hardwoods depending on the treatment method (Kocaefe et al. 2010, Li et al. 2011.Therefore, the overall extent of modification and the final result of the process is quite variable. In this study, we assessed heat treatment effects on Corsican pine and Douglas fir wood properties obtained from a conifer reforestation site in Italy, with particular consideration of different sapwood and heartwood behavior. This timber is considered poor quality and is currently used as biomass for energy or packaging. Materials and methods Study area Forty Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)and 40 Corsican Pine (Pinus nigra ssp. laricio) trees were sampled in an artificial mixed stand in Poggio Nibbio near Viterbo, Central Italy (latitude 42° 22′ N, longitude 12° 10′ W). Trees were arranged in rows with a cross-distance of 4 m; the stand was thinned to promote tree regeneration and introduction of indigenous hardwoods. The harvested wood is generally of poor quality due to the fact that the trees have grown quite fast, and not straight, producing large rings that contain a high proportion of earlywood. The sapwood is also quite large, particularly in Corsican pine.From each of the eighty trees sampled, single boards 6 cm thick, 80 cm long, and 7 cm in width were produced and subsequently crosscut to obtain two half-boards of approximately 40 cm in length. From these two half boards, we obtained twin specimens measuring 2 × 2 cm in the transverse radial and tangential directions, and 40 cm longitudinally. The wood samples were largely juvenile, approximately 10 years in cambial age, and evidence of reaction wood was not observed in any samples analyzed. For each of the 2 × 2 × 40 cm sample pairs, one sample was heat treated, and the second sample was left untreated. Subsequently, two blocks measuring 2 × 2 × 3 cm in size were cut from the end of each sample to...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

supporting

confidence: 73%

Physical and mechanical characteristics of poor-quality wood after heat treatment

Romagnoli¹,

Cavalli²,

Pernarella³

et al. 2015

iForest

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“…Despite the improvement of physical properties, some mechanical properties of wood are decreased with the increase of time and temperature of treatment (Yildiz et al 2006;Korkut et al 2008a,b;Gunduz et al 2009;Poncsak et al 2011;Kačíková et al 2013;Salca and Hiziroglu 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Static Bending Strength of Heat-Treated and Chromated Copper Arsenate-Treated Plywood

Silva

Campos

2017

BioRes

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aPlywood can be used in the furniture industry and in civil construction due to its structural strength. However, for long useful life in construction, especially in tropical countries, it needs to undergo treatments against xylophagous organisms. The most common preservative treatment is the chemical chromated copper arsenate (CCA); there are alternatives, such as heat treatment, that do not use chemicals. The objective of this work was to evaluate the mechanical resistance of CCA and heat-treated plywood prepared at three different temperatures (160 °C, 180 °C, and 200 °C). Pinus taeda plywood with seven veneers and phenol-formaldehyde adhesive was produced and subjected to the preservative treatments. The results showed that the CCA treatment reduced the mechanical strength of the panels, while the heat treatment did not. Heat treatment also decreased panel hygroscopicity, indicating a better dimensional stability.

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“…Preservation could be accomplished by thermal modification which is relating simple to implement and environmentally friendly. Heat treatment is an alternative wood preservation method that does not involve additional chemical impregnation, allowing to improves biological durability and dimensional stability (Poncsak et al 2010), while reducing some mechanical properties (Yildiz et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat treatment of Tunisian soft wood species: Effect on the durability, chemical modifications and mechanical properties

Elaieb

Candelier

Pétrissans³

et al. 2015

Maderas, Cienc. tecnol.

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Last decades, wood was promoted as building material. Wood heat treatment by mild pyrolysis has been reported to improve biological durability and dimensional stability of the material and constitutes an attractive « non biocidal » alternative to classical preservation treatments. Previous studies have shown that conferred properties strongly depend on the heat treatment intensity. A quality control marker based on mass loss has been developed. For several years, the increased development of Tunisian wood industry provides a significant capacity of wood production and transformation. Forests in Tunisia consist essentially of coniferous species [Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis), Radiata pine (Pinus radiata), Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster), Stone pine (Pinus pinea)], characterised by a weak natural durability. Improved durability and fungal resistance should allow the use of Tunisian species in the wood industry. Import limitation of European species and the use of local species allow the conservation of economic value added in the country and improve the economic balance. For this reason, several Tunisian softwood species (Aleppo pine, Radiata pine and Maritime pine) have been heat-treated under vacuum atmosphere at 230°C to obtain a thermal degradation with mass losses of approximately 8, 10 and 12%. The oven device allows recording the dynamic Mass Loss (ML) during the treatment and following the thermodegradation kinetic. The chemical composition of the studied wood samples was determined before and after heat treatment. For each wood species and treatment intensity, wood chemical and mechanical analyses were performed by measuring O/C ratio, bending and hardness tests. Afterward, tests of decay resistance were performed according to the EN 113 Standard, with different fungal attacks (Poria Placenta, Coriolus Versicolor) at 22°C and 70% of humidity for 16 weeks. Results were related to the mass loss. Furthermore, intensity of thermal degradation was evaluated by TD-GC-MS. Treated and untreated wood samples were maintained during 15 minutes at 230 °C under nitrogen in the thermodesorption tube in order to analyse and compare resulting from the wood thermodegradation volatile compounds.

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Improvement of the heat treatment of Jack pine (Pinus banksiana) using ThermoWood technology

Cited by 41 publications

References 12 publications

Physical and mechanical characteristics of poor-quality wood after heat treatment

Physical and mechanical characteristics of poor-quality wood after heat treatment

Static Bending Strength of Heat-Treated and Chromated Copper Arsenate-Treated Plywood

Heat treatment of Tunisian soft wood species: Effect on the durability, chemical modifications and mechanical properties

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