Improvement of the fracture toughness of hydroxyapatite (HAp) by incorporation of carboxyl functionalized single walled carbon nanotubes (CfSWCNTs) and nylon

Khànal, Suraj; Mahfuz, Hassan; Rondinone, Adam J.; Leventouri, Th.

doi:10.1016/j.msec.2015.11.030

Cited by 38 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…One of the interesting research areas in the field of block copolymers is synthesis of polymeric nanocomposite while one of the comonomers is a reactive nanoparticle [1,2]. Particularly, the use of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) nanoparticle has been considered as an attractive and effective way in preparation of nanohybrids at the molecular level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-situ photocrosslinkable nanohybrid elastomer based on polybutadiene/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane

Mirmohammadi

Nekoomanesh‐Haghighi

Gezaz

et al. 2016

Materials Science and Engineering: C

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Hydroxyl functionalized nano-sized POSS or ethyleneglycol as diol monomers was incorporated to hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPBD) chain in the presence of fumaryl chloride as extender. Blue light photocrosslinking system based on camphorquinone (photoinitiator) and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (accelerator) was applied to cure these two synthesized fumarate based macromers. Self-crosslinkability of unsaturated macromers and also crosslinking in presence of a reactive diluent were investigated in absence and presence of 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate, respectively. Finally, photocured samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, equilibrium swelling study, TGA, DMTA, AFM and cell culture. The results showed that incorporation of POSS nanoparticle into the polymer matrix with a perfect distribution and dispersion can enhance thermal stability, mechanical and biocompatibility properties which can prove a good potential of this in-situ photocrosslinkable nanohybrid in medical applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-situ photocrosslinkable nanohybrid elastomer based on polybutadiene/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane

Mirmohammadi

Nekoomanesh‐Haghighi

Gezaz

et al. 2016

Materials Science and Engineering: C

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“…When the osteons alignment is parallel to the loading direction, crack grows under Mode I (Fig. 3(b) ) is in the range of the cortical bone fracture values [16]. Such a value is then compared with those determined by Libonati et al [13] according to ASTM standards [14] from C(T) type.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-parameter fracture model for cortical bone

Vantadori¹,

Carpinteri²,

Fortese³

et al. 2016

Frattura Ed Integrità Strutturale

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The analysis of the bone fracture behaviour is fundamental for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of traumas. In the present paper, an experimental analysis of the fracture behaviour of a bovine femoral cortical bone is carried out, where specimens are extracted from a diaphysis. Fracture toughness is computed by employing a two-parameter fracture model originally proposed for concrete. In order to take into account the possibility of crack deflection (kinked crack) due to osteons orientation, a modified version of such a model is here discussed. The fracture toughness results are then compared with those reported in the literature, related to a femur of an 18-month-old bovin

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“…These modifications are brought about usually by surface functionalisation via acidification and oxidation or by using surfactants. As a result, through appropriate processing techniques, carbonaceous structures can mechanically strengthen a hydroxyapatite matrix via crack bridging and deflection mechanisms [ 6 , 57 , 72 ].…”

Section: Carbon and Its Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kalmodia et al [ 145 ] manufactured a HAp -Alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) -multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composite. Previous, separate studies showed an enhancement of fracture toughness of the HAp matrix using individual Al 2 O 3 reinforcement [ 146 , 147 ] and CNT reinforcement [ 72 , 93 , 98 , 99 ]. In this study, researchers were interested in investigating the combined reinforcing effect of CNT and Al 2 O 3 in a HAp matrix.…”

Section: Other Systems Involving Carbon Structures and Hydroxyapatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The highest hardness was recorded in a HAp-Al 2 O 3 sample, but enhanced fracture toughness was observed when CNTs were added. Khanal et al [ 72 ] utilised nylon along with carboxyl-functionalized CNTS (single walled) in a HAp matrix to enhance fracture toughness. The process comprised precipitation of HAp particles, which were then mixed with predefined quantities of CNTs and nylon.…”

Section: Other Systems Involving Carbon Structures and Hydroxyapatmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review on the Use of Hydroxyapatite-Carbonaceous Structure Composites in Bone Replacement Materials for Strengthening Purposes

2018

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Biomedical materials constitute a vast scientific research field, which is devoted to producing medical devices which aid in enhancing human life. In this field, there is an enormous demand for long-lasting implants and bone substitutes that avoid rejection issues whilst providing favourable bioactivity, osteoconductivity and robust mechanical properties. Hydroxyapatite (HAp)-based biomaterials possess a close chemical resemblance to the mineral phase of bone, which give rise to their excellent biocompatibility, so allowing for them to serve the purpose of a bone-substituting and osteoconductive scaffold. The biodegradability of HAp is low (Ksp ≈ 6.62 × 10−126) as compared to other calcium phosphates materials, however they are known for their ability to develop bone-like apatite coatings on their surface for enhanced bone bonding. Despite its favourable bone regeneration properties, restrictions on the use of pure HAp ceramics in high load-bearing applications exist due to its inherently low mechanical properties (including low strength and fracture toughness, and poor wear resistance). Recent innovations in the field of bio-composites and nanoscience have reignited the investigation of utilising different carbonaceous materials for enhancing the mechanical properties of composites, including HAp-based bio-composites. Researchers have preferred carbonaceous materials with hydroxyapatite due to their inherent biocompatibility and good structural properties. It has been demonstrated that different structures of carbonaceous material can be used to improve the fracture toughness of HAp, as they can easily serve the purpose of being a second phase reinforcement, with the resulting composite still being a biocompatible material. Nanostructured carbonaceous structures, especially those in the form of fibres and sheets, were found to be very effective in increasing the fracture toughness values of HAp. Minor addition of CNTs (3 wt.%) has resulted in a more than 200% increase in fracture toughness of hydroxyapatite-nanorods/CNTs made using spark plasma sintering. This paper presents a current review of the research field of using different carbonaceous materials composited with hydroxyapatite with the intent being to produce high performance biomedically targeted materials.

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Improvement of the fracture toughness of hydroxyapatite (HAp) by incorporation of carboxyl functionalized single walled carbon nanotubes (CfSWCNTs) and nylon

Cited by 38 publications

References 53 publications

In-situ photocrosslinkable nanohybrid elastomer based on polybutadiene/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane

In-situ photocrosslinkable nanohybrid elastomer based on polybutadiene/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane

Two-parameter fracture model for cortical bone

A Review on the Use of Hydroxyapatite-Carbonaceous Structure Composites in Bone Replacement Materials for Strengthening Purposes

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