Improvement of the dielectric and ferroelectric properties of multiferroic Pb(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3 ceramics processed in oxygen atmosphere

Strengthened relaxor behavior in (1−x)Pb(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3–xBiFeO3

“…Sintering runs were performed in oxygen atmosphere as suggested in ref. 33 and used in our previous work. 11 The use of saturated oxygen atmosphere during the sintering prevents (or minimizes) the reduction of Fe 3+ to Fe 2+ and reduces the amount of oxygen vacancies, which consequently resulted in a lower electrical conductivity and dielectric losses of the material.…”

“…11 The use of saturated oxygen atmosphere during the sintering prevents (or minimizes) the reduction of Fe 3+ to Fe 2+ and reduces the amount of oxygen vacancies, which consequently resulted in a lower electrical conductivity and dielectric losses of the material. 33 For all samples, heating and cooling rates of 2 1C min À1 were used.…”

Pb(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3–BiFeO3-based multicalorics with room-temperature ferroic anomalies

“…Sintering runs were performed under an oxygen atmosphere as suggested in ref. 45 and used in our previous work. 23,42 The use of the saturated oxygen atmosphere during the sintering prevents (or minimizes) the reduction of Fe 3+ to Fe 2+ and reduces the amount of oxygen vacancies, which consequently resulted in a lower electrical conductivity and dielectric losses of the material.…”

“…23,42 The use of the saturated oxygen atmosphere during the sintering prevents (or minimizes) the reduction of Fe 3+ to Fe 2+ and reduces the amount of oxygen vacancies, which consequently resulted in a lower electrical conductivity and dielectric losses of the material. 45 For all samples, a heating and cooling rate of 2 1C min À1 was used.…”

Electrophysical properties of the multiferroic PFN–ferrite composites obtained by spark plasma sintering and classical technology

“…The composites were obtained via Spark Plasma Sintering method and classical technology. PbFe 1/2 Nb 1/2 O 3 (PFN) material which represents ferroelectromagnetic properties, has a perovskite-type structure with a general formula of ABO 3 , where Pb ions locates in the A positions, while Fe and Nb ions randomly occupy B positions [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. The magnetic properties were provided by nickel-zinc soft ferrite with the chemical composition of NiZnFeO4.…”