Improvement of tactical situation awareness with colour-coded horizontal-situation displays in combat aircraft

Derefeldt, Gunilla; Skinnars, Örjan; Alfredson, Jens; Eriksson, Lars; Andersson, Peter; Westlund, Johan; Berggrund, Ulf; Holmberg, Johan; Santesson, Rolf

doi:10.1016/s0141-9382(99)00022-0

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…DeMars (1975) concluded that, for certain applications, colour enhanced accuracy, decision time, and workload capability. In a study by Derefeldt et al [27], an upgraded military colour coded head-down display was discovered to provide more target search and tracking advantages than the earlier monochrome display. Furthermore, the colour displays reduced reaction times and helped pilots to see the grouping of information on the display.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

With flying colours: Pilot performance with colour-coded head-up flight symbology

et al. 2020

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The manipulation of colour in display symbology design has long been recognised as a method to improve operator experience and performance. Recent developments in colour head-up display (HUD) and helmetmounted display (HMD) technology underline the necessity to understand the human factors considerations of symbology colour coding against conventional monochrome symbology formats. In this low-fidelity desktop human-in-the-loop experiment, the colour of flight symbology on an overlaid symbology set was coded as a redundant cue to indicate the accuracy of professional and non-professional pilots' flight profile across a range of simulated flight manoeuvres. The main finding of this study was that colour coding flight symbology supported the manual flying performance of both professional and non-professional pilots. Notably, colour-coding of the bank indicator and airspeed tape minimised performance error during turning and altitude change manoeuvres, respectively. The usability of colour coded symbology was also rated higher than the monochrome symbology. We conclude that colour coded HUD/HMD symbology is preferred by the user and may improve performance during low workload manual flying tasks. A fuller understanding of performance and workload effects will require future studies to employ higher workload flying tasks and examine the utility of colour coding within higher fidelity environments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

With flying colours: Pilot performance with colour-coded head-up flight symbology

et al. 2020

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“…As part of the overall development of combat aircraft development, the symbols on a moving map display were studied with the goal of increased situational awareness. Results from the study, including colour aspects have been reported earlier Derefeldt, Skinnars, et al 1999;). In addition to the already reported material the pilots' looking behaviour and eye-blinks were studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

<title>Individual differences in visual behavior in simulated flight</title>

Alfredson

2002

SPIE Proceedings

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Flying an aircraft is highly visually demanding. It is very important to map pilot visual behaviour, both for the purpose of evaluating the cockpit interface and to effectively integrate it with future adaptive interfaces and decision support systems. Pilots' visual behaviour was studied in two experiments. In the first experiment commercial aviation pilots were flying a commercial aviation scenario and eye point of gaze, and eye blinks were collected. In the second experiment military pilots were flying an air-to-air combat scenario and the visual behaviour was video recorded. In both of the experiments the results show individual differences in the pilots' visual behaviour. In the second experiment two different categories of eye blinks were found that might help explain the individual differences in visual behaviour. One category can be related to the systematic eye blinks found to occur when the eye point of gaze was changed between head-up/head-down and head-down/head-up. The other category could be related to other reasons, such as, mental workload or visual demands.

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“…52 The use of color was found to be effective in dynamic displays. 33,53,54 Whether the effect is larger than for static displays is probably highly task dependent and a matter for further study.…”

Section: Color Research and Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Color also enhances decision-making and improves performance especially at complex presentations of information. 33,[53][54][55][56][57][58] In the study by Derefeldt et al, 54 the effects of colorcoded displays on visual search and situation awareness (SA) were studied in a real-time simulation of an air-to-air mission with test pilots as subjects. A monochrome color scheme was compared to two chromatic color schemes (one dichrome and one polychrome).…”

Section: Color Research and Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive color

Derefeldt

Swartling

Berggrund

et al. 2003

Color Research & Application

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This report surveys cognitive aspects of color in terms of behavioral, neuropsychological, and neurophysiological data. Color is usually defined as a color stimulus or as perceived color. In this article, a definition of the concept of cognitive color is formulated. To elucidate this concept, those visual tasks are described where it is relevant: in color categorization, color coding, color naming, the Stroop effect, spatial organization of colored visual objects, visual search, and color memory. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 29, 7–19, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10209

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Improvement of tactical situation awareness with colour-coded horizontal-situation displays in combat aircraft

Cited by 20 publications

References 28 publications

With flying colours: Pilot performance with colour-coded head-up flight symbology

With flying colours: Pilot performance with colour-coded head-up flight symbology

<title>Individual differences in visual behavior in simulated flight</title>

Cognitive color

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