Improvement of Starch Film Performances Using Cellulose Microfibrils

Dufresne, Alain; Vignon, M.R.

doi:10.1021/ma971532b

Cited by 375 publications

(212 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Furthermore, besides discrete macrofibers as reinforcements for TPS, cellulosic nanofibers, such as cellulose microfibrils (Dufresne and Vignon 1998) and tunicin whiskers (Angles and Dufresne 2001) have also been investigated.…”

Section: Thermoplastic Starch (Tps)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Incorporating Polycaprolactone and Flax Fiber into Glycerol-Plasticized Pea Starch

et al. 2011

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The environmental menace associated with the existing eco-unfriendly conventional plastics prompted the exploration of natural polymers such as starch for the development of biodegradable plastics. These efforts have seen starch used in various ways, one of which is in the processing of thermoplastic starch (TPS). Thermoplastic starch (also known as plasticized starch) is the product of the interaction between starch and a plasticizer in the presence of thermomechanical energy. While starch blends with conventional plastics only yield products that biofragment, thermoplastic starch (TPS) offers a completely biodegradable option. However, it is limited in application due to its weak mechanical strength and poor moisture resistance. To this end, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of incorporating polycaprolactone (PCL) and flax fiber into glycerol-plasticized pea starch. The effects of processing moisture content on the physical properties of glycerol-plasticized pea starch were also evaluated. The physical properties investigated included morphology, tensile properties, moisture absorption, and thermal properties. Accordingly, two thermoplastic pea starch mixtures containing 9.3 and 20% processing moisture contents were prepared while maintaining starch (pea starch) and glycerol in ratio 7:3 by weight (dry basis). Polycaprolactone was then compounded at 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40% by weight in the solid phase with the TPS mixtures to determine the effects of processing moisture content and PCL incorporation on the physical properties of glycerol-plasticized pea starch.This experiment was structured as a 2 x 5 factorial completely randomized design at 5% level of significance. Subsequently, PCL and flax fiber were iii compounded with the TPS mixture containing 20% processing moisture to determine the effects of PCL (0, 20, and 40% wt) and flax fiber (0, 5, 10, and 15% wt) incorporation on the physical properties of glycerol-plasticized pea starch. This was structured as a 3 x 4 factorial completely randomized design at 5% level of significance. All the samples were compressed at 140°C for 45 min under 25000-kg load. The compression-molded samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tensile test, moisture absorption test, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques.The tensile fracture surfaces showed a moisture-induced fundamental morphological difference between the two TPSs. The TPS prepared at 20% processing moisture content revealed complete starch gelatinization, thus, exhibiting a rather continuous phase whereas the TPS prepared at 9.3% processing moisture content revealed instances of ungelatinized and partly gelatinized pea starch granules. Consequently, the tensile strength, yield strength, Young's modulus, and elongation at break increased by 208.6, 602.6, 208.5, and 292.0%, respectively at 20% processing moisture content. The incorporation of PCL reduced the degree of starch gelatinization by interfering with moisture migration during compr...

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Section: Thermoplastic Starch (Tps)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Incorporating Polycaprolactone and Flax Fiber into Glycerol-Plasticized Pea Starch

et al. 2011

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“…In addition, fibres can be used as reinforcements for SBs to overcome these problems. Various types of fibres have been discussed in the literature, including cellulosic microfibrils (Dufresne and Vignon 1998), natural fibres (Wollerdorfer and Bader 1998), and commercial regenerated cellulose fibres (Funke et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of Starch Biocomposite Films Reinforced by Cellulose Nanocrystals From Rice Husks

Johar¹,

Ahmad²

2012

BioResources

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A series of glycerol-plasticized starch composites reinforced by rice-husk cellulose nanocrystals was successfully fabricated through the solution casting technique. The rice husks must undergo alkali treatment, bleaching, and sulphuric acid hydrolysis before cellulose nanocrystals can be produced. The cellulose nanocrystal content used as filler was varied from 0 to 10 wt%. The thermal stability of the composite were analysed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG). The starch biocomposite films reinforced with rice-husk cellulose nanocrystals showed improved tensile strengths and tensile moduli. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to determine the diameter and length distribution of the cellulose nanocrystals. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) showed that the cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were well distributed in the matrix. At the optimum 6% filler loading, the cellulose nanocrystals exhibited a higher reinforcing efficiency in the plasticized starch biocomposites than at any other filler loading.

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“…11,12 However, compared to conventional synthetic thermoplastics, biodegradable products based on starch, unfortunately, still exhibit many disadvantages, such as water sensitivity, poor processability, and poor mechanical properties. 13 To solve these problems, various physical or chemical modifications of the starch have been considered, including blending with other synthetic polymers, 14,15 the chemical modification, 16 or graft copolymerization, 17 and incorporating fillers such as lignin, 18 fibers or crystalline, [19][20][21][22] tunicin whiskers, 23,24 and clay. 25 Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are stiff macromolecular structures having outer diameters of about 30 nm, and lengths of 1-100 lm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and properties of plasticized starch/multiwalled carbon nanotubes composites

Cao

Chen

Chang

et al. 2007

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A triple‐band multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) antenna is presented.The proposed antenna consists of a C‐shaped monopole antenna that provides dual‐band resonant antenna. By protruding an L‐shaped parasitic strip on the ground plane, a third band as well as enhancement of the isolation between two ports in MIMO array is achieved. The proposed antenna can cover 2.1–2.6, 3.3–4, and 5.4–6 GHz, which are allocated for WLAN and WiMAX applications. The proposed triple‐band antenna structure is used in different two‐element MIMO arrays. Simulation results show that the S11, S12, and S22 of the MIMO arrays are independent of the position of the two‐element. The results show good S‐parameters, high peak gain and radiation efficiency, and stable radiation patterns among the triple‐band coverage. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1321–1325, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26799

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Improvement of Starch Film Performances Using Cellulose Microfibrils

Cited by 375 publications

References 11 publications

Effects of Incorporating Polycaprolactone and Flax Fiber into Glycerol-Plasticized Pea Starch

Effects of Incorporating Polycaprolactone and Flax Fiber into Glycerol-Plasticized Pea Starch

Morphological, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of Starch Biocomposite Films Reinforced by Cellulose Nanocrystals From Rice Husks

Preparation and properties of plasticized starch/multiwalled carbon nanotubes composites

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