Improvement of social adaptation in depression with serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors

Abstract

Depression is a disabling condition resulting in significant impairment in social functioning, involving the patient’s family, friends, work colleagues, and society at large. Although both psychologic and pharmacologic treatments generally improve many depressive symptoms, they do not always result in significant improvement in social functioning. The importance of recovery of social functioning in depressed patients is now widely appreciated, and studies are beginning to include it in evaluations of therapeutic efficacy. Among the various social adjustment evaluation rating scales, the Social Adaptation Self-Evaluation Scale, a social motivation and behavior scale, has been found to be simple to use and sensitive to change. Using this scale, the selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, reboxetine, has been shown to be significantly more effective in improving social functioning than the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, fluoxetine. These findings are consistent with the notion that improvement in social adaptation involves functions depending primarily on noradrenergic neurotransmission. This hypothesis suggests that the serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, venlafaxine, duloxetine, and milnacipran, could be particularly helpful in improving social functioning. Preliminary studies with the serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors suggest that they significantly improve social functioning. Comparative studies with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on the effects on social functioning should be encouraged.

The serotonergic system in the neurobiology of depression: Relevance for novel antidepressants

“…The difference in relative potency in norepinephrine reuptake compared with other SNRIs could have a number of clinical implications. For example, attention, concentration, alertness and working memory may be more strongly related to the norepinephrine compared with the serotonergic system (Briley et al, 2010). Also, norepinephrine reuptake inhibition seems to be related more closely to alleviating pain in or useful agent for patients suffering from MDD and certain comorbidities, for example patients with chronic pain syndromes or patients with strong impairments in concentration and alertness due to depression (Mago et al, 2014).…”

Interrelation between Thyroid Hormones, Catecholamines, Neuroticism and Physical Aggression in Men with High and Middle Neuroticism Levels

“…The research of aggression formation mechanisms is very important to understand excessive aggression manifestations. Monoaminergic brain systems have a great influence on the emotions and behavior [1], including aggression [2,3], in humans and animals. The thyroid system influences neurotransmitters (particularly serotonin and norepinephrine) [4].…”

Blood plasma testosterone andbrain serotonin levels in aggressive and submissive rats of different agegroups

“…Моноамінергічні системи мозку мають великий вплив на формування емоцій та поведінки у людини і тварин [5,30,45]. Існує багато доказів порушень у нейротран-смісії в мозку норадреналіну, серотоніну (СТ-5НТ) і дофаміну при депресії, станах тривожності та при імпульсивній агресії [31].…”