Improvement of skin optical clearing efficacy by topical treatment of glycerol at different temperatures

Deng, Zijian; Liu, Caihua; Tao, Wei; Zhu, Dan

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/277/1/012007

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Direct injection of glycerol may have a clinical advantage of an immediate OTC effect in local treatment. Deng et al [37] recently reported that the OTC efficacy by glycerol has negligible variation in the temperature range from 4 to 25℃. Therefore, the temperature in OTC efficacy was not considered in this study because glycerol solution and PSSs were kept at 19 and 10℃, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Comparisons of OTC methods may be valuable but are not easy because of differences in experimental setups and analysis methods [3,5,6,9,11,12,32,33,[37][38][39][40]. However, Izquierdo-Román et al reported that mechanical OTC methods are more effective about 2-3 fold than the chemical OTC method and achieve up to a 4-fold OTC increase [40], which is comparable to the 3.4-fold OTC increase of the combination OTC method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of an Optical Tissue Clearing Laser Probe System

Yeo¹,

Kang²,

Bae³

et al. 2013

Journal of the Optical Society of Korea

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Although low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been a valuable therapeutic technology in the clinic, its efficacy may be reduced in deep tissue layers due to strong light scattering which limits the photon density. In order to enhance the photon density in deep tissue layers, this study developed an optical tissue clearing (OTC) laser probe (OTCLP) system which can utilize four different OTC methods: 1) tissue temperature control from 40 to 10℃; 2) laser pulse frequency from 5 to 30 Hz; 3) glycerol injection at a local region; and 4) a combination of the aforementioned three methods. The efficacy of the OTC methods was evaluated and compared by investigating laser beam profiles in ex-vivo porcine skin samples. Results demonstrated that total (peak) intensity at full width at half maximum of laser beam profile when compared to control data was increased: 1) 1.21(1.39)-fold at 10℃; 2) 1.22 (1.49)-fold at a laser pulse frequency of 5 Hz; 3) 1.64 (2.41)-fold with 95% glycerol injection; 4) 1.86 (3.4)-fold with the combination method. In conclusion, the OTCLP system successfully improved the laser photon density in deep tissue layers and may be utilized as a useful tool in LLLT by increasing laser photon density.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Optical Tissue Clearing Laser Probe System

Yeo¹,

Kang²,

Bae³

et al. 2013

Journal of the Optical Society of Korea

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“…This is likely to be because of RI matching caused by the hyperosmotic nature of glycerol, causing tissue dehydration and the influx of glycerol into the tissue (Vargas et al, 1999). This optical clearing ability is enhanced at higher incubation temperatures probably owing to more rapid permeation of glycerol into the skin (Deng et al, 2011). RI matching for skin using solutions closer to the collagen RI (1.43, fully hydrated; 1.53, dry), such as FocusClear (Song et al, 2015), benzyl alcohol benzoate (Abadie et al, 2018), 3DISCO, or uDISCO, also worked better for skin clearing (Xu et al, 2019).…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Techniques Made Simple: Optical Clearing and Three-Dimensional Volumetric Imaging of Skin Biopsies

Tan

Chiam

Zhang

et al. 2020

Journal of Investigative Dermatology

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Skin histology is traditionally carried out using two-dimensional tissue sections, which allows for rapid staining, but these sections cannot accurately represent three-dimensional structures in skin such as nerves, vasculature, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands. Although it may be ideal to image skin in a three-dimensional manner, it is technically challenging to image deep into tissue because of light scattering from collagen fibrils in the dermis and refractive index mismatch owing to the presence of differing biological materials such as cytoplasm, and lipids in the skin. Different optical clearing methods have been developed recently, making it possible to render tissues transparent using different approaches. Here, we discuss the steps involved in tissue preparation for three-dimensional volumetric imaging and provide a brief overview of the different optical clearing methods as well as different imaging modalities for three-dimensional imaging.

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“…Herein, we report the first systematic and quantitative study of OCA perfusion enhancement using various combinations of OCA heating, microneedling pre‐treatment (i.e., prior to OCA application), vacuum pre‐treatment (i.e., prior to OCA application), and/or positive pressure post‐treatment (i.e., after OCA application). The motivation for OCA heating was based on recent studies demonstrating enhanced clearing performance with heating of glycerol up to 40–45°C . Moritz and Henriques have previously studied time‐surface thresholds for thermal injury of human skin and demonstrated that 2 hours of exposure to 45°C at the surface of human skin has caused hyperemia without loss of epidermis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical clearing agent perfusion enhancement via combination of microneedle poration, heating and pneumatic pressure

et al. 2014

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Background and Objective: Optical clearing agents (OCAs) have shown promise for increasing the penetration depth of biomedical lasers by temporarily decreasing optical scattering within the skin. However, their translation to the clinic has been constrained by lack of practical means for effectively perfusing OCA within target tissues in vivo. The objective of this study was to address this limitation through combination of a variety of techniques to enhance OCA perfusion, including heating of OCA, microneedling and/or application of pneumatic pressure over the skin surface being treated (vacuum and/or positive pressure). While some of these techniques have been explored by others independently, the current study represents the first to explore their use together. Study Design/Materials and Methods: Propylene glycol (PG) OCA, either at room-temperature or heated to 458C, was topically applied to hydrated, body temperature ex vivo porcine skin, in conjunction with various combinations of microneedling pre-treatment (0.2 mm length microneedles, performed prior to OCA application), vacuum pre-treatment (17-50 kPa, performed prior to OCA application), and positive pressure post-treatment (35-172 kPa, performed after OCA application). The effectiveness of OCA perfusion was characterized via measurements of transmittance, reduced scattering coefficient, and penetration depth at a number of medicallyrelevant laser wavelengths across the visible spectrum. Results: Topical application of room-temperature (RT) PG led to an increase in transmittance across the visible spectrum of up to 21% relative to untreated skin. However, only modest increases were observed with addition of various combinations of microneedling pre-treatment, vacuum pre-treatment, and positive pressure post-treatment. Conversely, when heated PG was used in conjunction with these techniques, we observed significant increases in transmittance. Using an optimal PG perfusion enhancement protocol consisting of 458C heated PG þ microneedle pre-treatment þ 35 kPa vacuum pre-treatment þ 103 kPa positive pressure post-treatment, we observed up to 68% increase in transmittance relative to untreated skin, and up to 46% increase relative to topical RT PG application alone. Using the optimal PG perfusion enhancement protocol, we also observed up to 30% decrease in reduced scattering coefficient relative to untreated skin, and up to 20% decrease relative to topical RT PG alone. Finally, using the optimal protocol, we observed up to 25% increase in penetration depth relative to untreated skin, and up to 23% increase relative to topical RT PG alone. Conclusions: The combination of heated PG, microneedling pre-treatment, vacuum pre-treatment, and positive pressure-post treatment were observed to significantly enhance the perfusion of topically applied PG. Although further studies are required to evaluate the efficacy of combined perfusion enhancement techniques in vivo, the current results suggest promise for facilitating the translation of OCAs to the clinic.

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Improvement of skin optical clearing efficacy by topical treatment of glycerol at different temperatures

Cited by 14 publications

References 17 publications

Development of an Optical Tissue Clearing Laser Probe System

Development of an Optical Tissue Clearing Laser Probe System

Research Techniques Made Simple: Optical Clearing and Three-Dimensional Volumetric Imaging of Skin Biopsies

Optical clearing agent perfusion enhancement via combination of microneedle poration, heating and pneumatic pressure

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