Improvement of silver azide crystal morphology and detonation behavior by fast mixing using a microreaction system with an integrated static micromixer

Chen, Cong; Zhao, Shufan; Zhu, Peng; Shi, Jinyu; Yan, Fanyuhui; Xia, Huan; Shen, Ruiqi

doi:10.1039/c9re00393b

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…have used a laboratory scale microfluidic process to prepare silver azide. However, the sizes of the particles produced in this way (712–1106 nm) are larger than those of the material prepared by the batch method used as reference by these authors (255–825 nm) [6]. Therefore, this method seems of limited interest to prepare submicrometric particles, even though the use of smaller concentrations of a solvent mixture would decrease the particle size of silver azide synthesized by this process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Synthesis of submicron‐sized silver azide by multi‐nozzle spray flash synthesis**

Galland

COMET

Ott

et al. 2023

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Submicron-sized powders of silver azide (AgN 3 ) were prepared by Curtius' reaction between silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ) and sodium azide (NaN 3 ) in aqueous solutions by a new process: the Spray Flash Synthesis (SFS). The SFS process consists in spraying the two precursor solutions in a heated atomization chamber (130-190 °C), maintained under low vacuum (15-30 kPa). The reaction occurs in the droplets which have collided; the final size of particles is limited by the fast evaporation of water and the small amount of matter available in each droplet which can be considered as an individual micro-reactor.The mean particle sizes of silver azide synthesized by the SFS process range from 220 nm to 390 nm, which means that these particles are three times smaller than those obtained by the conventional precipitation method. Submicron-sized AgN 3 powders can be initiated by a photographic flash.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Synthesis of submicron‐sized silver azide by multi‐nozzle spray flash synthesis**

Galland

COMET

Ott

et al. 2023

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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“…In recent years, it has also shown great potential in energetic material preparation [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ] due to its precise control of reaction parameter and minimal reagent consumption. Compared with traditional experimental methods, microfluidic system is more conducive to the preparation of high-quality ultrafine energetic materials with different particle size and narrow particle size distribution [ 30 , 31 ]. In fact, the size and morphology controllable preparation of energetic materials based on microfluidic system has been reported [ 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size, Morphology and Crystallinity Control Strategy of Ultrafine HMX by Microfluidic Platform

Jiang

Yu²,

Zhou

et al. 2023

Nanomaterials

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The crystal structure has a great influence on mechanical sensitivity and detonation performance of energetic materials. An efficient microfluidic platform was applied for size, morphology, and crystallinity controllable preparation of ultrafine HMX. The microfluidic platform has good mixing performance, quick response, and less reagent consumption. The ultrafine γ-HMX was first prepared at room temperature by microfluidic strategy, and the crystal type can be controlled accurately by adjusting the process parameters. With the increase in flow ratio, the particle size decreases gradually, and the crystal type changed from β-HMX to γ-HMX. Thermal behavior of ultrafine HMX shows that γ→δ is easier than β→δ, and the phase stability of HMX is β > γ > δ. Furthermore, the ultrafine β-HMX has higher thermal stability and energy release efficiency than that of raw HMX. The ultrafine HMX prepared by microfluidic not only has uniform morphology and narrow particle size distribution, but also exhibits high density and low sensitivity. This study provides a safe, facile, and efficient way of controlling particle size, morphology, and crystallinity of ultrafine HMX.

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“…With the miniaturization of aerospace systems, weapons systems, and intelligent guidance, the microdetonation system is becoming increasingly important. With high output energy, good safety of the micronanostructured initiating explosives, and compatibility with the micro-electrical-mechanical system (MEMS) charging method, a prerequisite for the practical application of a microdetonation system can be realized. − Although copper azide (CA), lead azide (LA), silver azide (SA), and other azide detonation agents have high output energy to meet the energy requirements for secondary explosive detonation, they are generally sensitive to external stimuli such as impact and static electricity. − A feather sweeping the surface of CA can cause an explosion, which is very dangerous, − while the ignition ability of LA is insufficient and often needs to be combined with other initiators (such as lead stephanate), − and the sensitivity performance of SA is between CA and LA, and it has certain high-temperature resistance. − Unfortunately, because of their natural brittleness, these primary detonating agents are easily broken into small particles during the press-fit molding process; the agent system is very unstable, and poor safety severely limits their practical application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safe and Efficient Strategy for Directly Preparing Azide Aerogels for Microinitiation Device

Wang

Tong

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The main bottlenecks limiting the practical application of primary explosives are the contradiction between safety and detonation performance, as well as the inherent brittleness of powder charge. Traditional methods to improve sensitivity performance such as adding carbon nanomaterials or embedding metal–organic framework (MOF) structure methods are mostly powders, which are inherently brittle and unsafe. Here, we report three types of typical azide aerogels that can be directly prepared and obtained in this paper by combining electrospinning with aerogel. Their electrostatic sensitivity and flame sensitivity were significantly improved and could be detonated successfully at an initiation voltage of 25 V, demonstrating good ignition performance. This enhancement is primarily due to the porous carbon skeleton structure evolved from a three-dimensional nanofiber aerogel, which has good thermal and electrical conductivity characteristics and can also uniformly load azide particles, contributing to improved explosive system sensitivity. The most important aspect of this method is that it can directly prepare molded explosives, which can be matched with the micro-electrical-mechanical system (MEMS) process, and it offers a new idea for the preparation of high-security molded explosives.

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Improvement of silver azide crystal morphology and detonation behavior by fast mixing using a microreaction system with an integrated static micromixer

Abstract: A continuous microreaction system with an integrated passive micromixer is developed to optimize the crystal morphology and detonation behavior of AgN3.

Cited by 21 publications

References 32 publications

Synthesis of submicron‐sized silver azide by multi‐nozzle spray flash synthesis**

Synthesis of submicron‐sized silver azide by multi‐nozzle spray flash synthesis**

Size, Morphology and Crystallinity Control Strategy of Ultrafine HMX by Microfluidic Platform

Safe and Efficient Strategy for Directly Preparing Azide Aerogels for Microinitiation Device

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