Improvement of signal to noise ratio of time domain mutliplexing fiber Bragg grating sensor network with Golay complementary codes

Elgaud, Mohamed M.; Zan, Mohd Saiful Dzulkefly; Abushagur, Abdulfatah A. G.; Bakar, Ahmad Ashrif A

doi:10.1016/j.yofte.2017.06.007

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Furthermore, deploying apodized broad bandwidth FBGs within the time domain platform has provided susceptible performance over extended ranges and quantities [ 5 , 7 , 15 , 18 ]. Finally, it is also worth mentioning that the flexibility of the TDM-FBG platform allows for the deployment of several aspects of the FBG sensors other than those listed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Positive physical perturbations such as heat impact will induce a red Bragg wavelength shift, i.e., toward the longer wavelength. In this case, the laser source scans the downward region of the FBG spectra; the result in the time domain is a linear decrease in the FBG signal’s amplitudes [ 5 , 8 , 15 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the sensing information of the TDM-FBG sensor is encoded within the time domain signals reflected from each FBG. Hence, lacking accurate reads due to noisy background, distortion, broadened signals, or drifted baseline led to insensitive, unrepeatable, and inaccurate measurements [ 8 , 9 , 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Digital Filtering Techniques for Performance Improvement of Golay Coded TDM-FBG Sensor

Elgaud

Zan

Abushagur

et al. 2021

Sensors

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For almost a half-decade, the unique autocorrelation properties of Golay complementary pairs (GCP) have added a significant value to the key performance of conventional time-domain multiplexed fiber Bragg grating sensors (TDM-FBGs). However, the employment of the unipolar form of Golay coded TDM-FBG has suffered from several performance flaws, such as limited improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNIR), noisy backgrounds, and distorted signals. Therefore, we propose and experimentally implement several digital filtering techniques to mitigate such limitations. Moving averages (MA), Savitzky–Golay (SG), and moving median (MM) filters were deployed to process the signals from two low reflectance FBG sensors located after around 16 km of fiber. The first part of the experiment discussed the sole deployment of Golay codes from 4 bits to 256 bits in the TDM-FBG sensor. As a result, the total SNIR of around 8.8 dB was experimentally confirmed for the longest 256-bit code. Furthermore, the individual deployment of MA, MM, and SG filters within the mentioned decoded sequences secured a further significant increase in SNIR of around 4, 3.5, and 3 dB, respectively. Thus, the deployment of the filtering technique alone resulted in at least four times faster measurement time (equivalent to 3 dB SNIR). Overall, the experimental analysis confirmed that MM outperformed the other two techniques in better signal shape, fastest signal transition time, comparable SNIR, and capability to maintain high spatial resolution.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Digital Filtering Techniques for Performance Improvement of Golay Coded TDM-FBG Sensor

Elgaud

Zan

Abushagur

et al. 2021

Sensors

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“…Our laboratory has previously introduced several types of optical pulse coding techniques in TDM-FBG sensor for the purpose of improving the SNR. In this context, the unique properties of standard simplex code and Golay complementary code are among the most widely deployed [15]- [17]. Several reports on the coded TDM-FBGs, including cyclic-and standard simplex and unipolar Golay codes have been published previously [9], [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Signal-to-Noise Ratio of Time Domain Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Based on Hybrid Simplex and Golay Coding Technique

et al. 2019

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We report on the experimental results of the combination of unique auto-correlation properties of Golay complementary code and Hadamard matrix properties of standard simplex code. The combination of the two coding techniques results in improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of time domain multiplexed fiber Bragg grating (TDM-FBG) sensor for temperature measurement. Previously, we have analyzed the properties of both coding techniques when deployed separately in the TDM-FBG sensor. In this case, both coding techniques result in the same amount of SNR improvement for code length longer than 31 bits. In this paper, we demonstrate the combination and simultaneous deployment of the two techniques to measure multiple FBGs under room condition (25 • C) and 50 • C temperature. The two schemes combination results in remarkable improvement of SNR and still retains the original spatial property of the decoded FBG signals, confirming the successful deployment of the hybrid codes. From the measurement of two FBG sensors located after 16 km of fiber, the combination of 31 bits of simplex-and 64 bits of Golay codes has resulted in a total of 10.5 dB improvement of SNR.

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“…The basic principle of FBG sensor is based on the fact that the Bragg wavelength shifts with the change of external environment parameters due to the thermo-optic effect and strain effect. FBG sensor exhibits all of the benefits associated with other optical fiber sensors, especially their ability to be multiplexed [2,3]. Many different FBG sensors have been developed for measuring strain [4], temperature [5,6], pressure [7], refractive index [8,9], curvature [10], pressure [11], and shock stress [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Young’s Modulus Measurement of Metal Wires Using FBG Sensor

et al. 2019

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A novel Young's modulus measurement scheme based on fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. In our method, a universal formula relating the Bragg wavelength shift to Young's modulus is derived and metal wires are loaded strain by using the static stretching method. The Young's modulus of copper wires, aluminum wires, nickel wires, and tungsten wires are separately measured. Experimental results show that the FBG sensor exhibits high measurement accuracy, and the measurement errors relative to the nominal value is less than 1.0%. The feasibility of the FBG test method is confirmed by comparing it with the traditional charge coupled device (CCD) imaging method. The proposed method could find the potential application in the material selection, especially in the field that the size of metal wires is very small and the strain gauges cannot be qualified.

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Improvement of signal to noise ratio of time domain mutliplexing fiber Bragg grating sensor network with Golay complementary codes

Cited by 12 publications

References 15 publications

Digital Filtering Techniques for Performance Improvement of Golay Coded TDM-FBG Sensor

Digital Filtering Techniques for Performance Improvement of Golay Coded TDM-FBG Sensor

Improving the Signal-to-Noise Ratio of Time Domain Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Based on Hybrid Simplex and Golay Coding Technique

Young’s Modulus Measurement of Metal Wires Using FBG Sensor

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