Improvement of safe bromine electrolytes and their cell performance in H2/Br2 flow batteries caused by tuning the bromine complexation equilibrium

Küttinger, Michael; Riasse, Raphaël; Włodarczyk, Jakub K.; Fischer, P.; Tübke, Jens

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.230804

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…During this period, Br 2 is absorbed at the interface into the fused salts instead of being transferred as fused salt micelle into the fused salt bulk. [44] As the concentration of Br 2 increases, lower polybromides like Br 3 − and Br 5 − take up Br 2 molecules and form Br 5 − and Br 7 − . The fractions of Br 2 in Br 7 − are rising as shown in Figure 5 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Bromine Fused Salts Based on Quaternary Ammonium Molecules and Their Relevance for Use in a Hydrogen Bromine Redox Flow Battery

Kuettinger

Torres

Meyer

et al. 2022

Chemistry A European J

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Bromine complexing agents (BCA) in aqueous electrolytes for hydrogen bromine flow batteries are used to reduce bromine‘s vapour pressure, while an insoluble and liquid fused salt is formed. The properties (concentrations, composition, conductivity and viscosity) of this fused salt are investigated in this study systematically ex situ by using 7 BCAs at different state of charge in HBr/Br2/H2O electrolytes with a theoretical capacity of 179.6 Ah L−1. Bromine is stored in the fused salt at concentrations up to 13.6 M, reaching theoretical volumetrical capacities up to 730 Ah L−1 in fused salts. The fused salt consists of a pure, bromine‐ and water‐free ionic liquid of organic [BCA]+ cations and polybromides, and its conductivity bases on a hopping mechanism among the polybromides. Alkyl side chain length of the BCAs and distribution of polybromides influence strongly the conductivity and viscosity of the fused salts. 1‐ethylpyridin‐1‐iumbromide results to be favoured BCA for application.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Bromine Fused Salts Based on Quaternary Ammonium Molecules and Their Relevance for Use in a Hydrogen Bromine Redox Flow Battery

Kuettinger

Torres

Meyer

et al. 2022

Chemistry A European J

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“…64 The bromine vapor pressure variation, the insoluble matter storage halogen, and the solid material form show the bromine high concentrations (13.6 M) stored in the fused salt, with the theoretical energy capacity rushing up to 730 Ah L −1 . 63,65 Recently, it was found that the hydrogen-bromine RFB (HBRFB) possesses higher specific power with a voltage efficiency of more than 90% and higher solubility in an aqueous solution, and is an interesting subject for research. In typical HBRFB systems, Pt catalysts are often used as electrode materials (Fig.…”

Section: Hydrogen-halogen Redox Flow Batterymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cathode materials for halide-based aqueous redox flow batteries: recent progress and future perspectives

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2023

Nanoscale

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“…Electrochemical sensing consists of an electrode system where the charge transfer occurs by the means of a working electrode and a counter electrode (anode or cathode). 37 Aqueous or nonaqueous electrolytes are used to <3 s for automobiles, <60 s for stationary Functional at extreme temperatures aid the charge transfer, usually, a proton conductor such as Nafion 38 is utilized.…”

Section: Hydrogen Biosensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electrochemical sensing consists of an electrode system where the charge transfer occurs by the means of a working electrode and a counter electrode (anode or cathode). 37 Aqueous or nonaqueous electrolytes are used to aid the charge transfer, usually, a proton conductor such as Nafion 38 is utilized. In this section, hydrogen biosensing studies have been presented largely dependent on hydrogenase enzyme, following which certain selected and best-in-the-field studies have been discussed of the other gaseous biosensors to learn from and also drive future hydrogen biosensing research efforts.…”

Section: Hydrogen Biosensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydrogen oxidation by enzymes may be achieved with hydrogenase enzymes, which has led to the development of functional electrodes and sensing platforms. − The general mechanisms of gas biosensing rely on the reaction between an enzyme and the gas solute molecules, typically leading to electrochemical reactions. Electrochemical sensing consists of an electrode system where the charge transfer occurs by the means of a working electrode and a counter electrode (anode or cathode) . Aqueous or nonaqueous electrolytes are used to aid the charge transfer, usually, a proton conductor such as Nafion is utilized.…”

Section: Hydrogen Biosensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogen Biosensing: Prospects, Parallels, and Challenges

Garg

Mishra

Vega

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The implementation of hydrogen, as a renewable and clean energy source, has the potential to replace fossil fuels and to decarbonize hard-to-abate sectors, enabling sustainable development with a lower environmental footprint. At concentrations higher than 4 vol %, hydrogen is, however, highly flammable and real-time monitoring and detection are required to ensure safe operation during production, storage, transportation, and utilization of it. Hydrogen sensors shall, therefore, be both efficient and sensitive to operate across a wide range of concentrations and mixtures with other gases. Current commercial hydrogen sensors are primarily dependent on electrochemical, heat-conductance, or calorimetric technologies, being intrinsically developed from noble and expensive metals or complex setups. Portable hydrogen sensing technologies for personal protective equipment in remote and confined areas shall, however, require them to be selective and specific, light weight, and mobile, as well as self-regenerating and stable for the long-term. An emerging type of hydrogen sensor involves biosensing through biological pathways whereby hydrogenase is extracted from microbial communities and used for carrying out the reversible hydrogen oxidation reaction, allowing sensitivity down to 0.4 ppb in complex environments. Microbial communities innately use hydrogen for metabolic activities related to growth and energy synthesis. This review highlights the recent developments in hydrogen biosensing while presenting viable options for on-site and fast hydrogen detection, allowing timely action for mitigating risks related to hydrogen leakages and inflammation. Beyond discussing the mechanisms and materials used to generate hydrogen biosensors, a critical comparison with conventional hydrogen and other gaseous sensors is presented, highlighting the opportunities and remaining challenges in this field.

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Improvement of safe bromine electrolytes and their cell performance in H2/Br2 flow batteries caused by tuning the bromine complexation equilibrium

Cited by 15 publications

References 60 publications

Properties of Bromine Fused Salts Based on Quaternary Ammonium Molecules and Their Relevance for Use in a Hydrogen Bromine Redox Flow Battery

Properties of Bromine Fused Salts Based on Quaternary Ammonium Molecules and Their Relevance for Use in a Hydrogen Bromine Redox Flow Battery

Cathode materials for halide-based aqueous redox flow batteries: recent progress and future perspectives

Hydrogen Biosensing: Prospects, Parallels, and Challenges

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