Improvement of Rose Achene Germination by Treatment with Macerating Enzymes

Abstract

<jats:p>The germination percentage of <jats:italic>Rosa multiflora</jats:italic> Thunb. achenes was greatly increased when they were treated with 1% Driselase, a macerating enzyme, for 36 hours. The seeds germinated more rapidly when the achenes were treated with the enzyme for a longer period. Treatment with Cellulase Onozuka improved seed germination at a lower concentration than did Driselase. Pure preparations of pectinase and cellulase had effects similar to treatment with the enzymes noted. Treatment with pectinase was more efficient than treatment with cellulase. These enzymes likely loosened the bond between cells along the suture of the pericarp and forced the pericarp to split.</jats:p>

ESTUDIO PARA LA MEJORA DE LAS TÉCNICAS DE PROPAGACIÓN DE LA ALCAPARRA (Capparis spinosa L.).

“…Al igual que la incubación de aquenios de rosa con diversos productos microbianos, la maceración enzimática de los mismos (con Driselasa, Yambe y Takeno, 1992; con celulasa, Conev y Sandhu, 2015) también ha mejorado su germinación. La aplicación exógena de microorganismos y de enzimas inducen al debilitamiento y la disolución de la pared celular, debilitando a su vez los enlaces, provocando la división del pericarpio del aquenio a lo largo de una sutura a medida que avanza la germinación (Yambe y Takeno, 1992). La disolución de las paredes celulares y el debilitamiento de los enlaces entre las células de las cubiertas de las semillas puede disminuir la restricción mecánica que las cubiertas ofrecen al embrión, de manera que éste sea capaz de extenderse, produciéndose la germinación (Yambe y Takeno, 1992;Welbaum et al,1998;Orozco-Segovia et al, 2007).…”

Effects of pectinase, BAP and dry storage on dormancy breaking and emergence rate of Crataegus pseudoheterophylla Pojark.

“…The degrading of bonds between cell walls apparently forces the endocarp to split and thus removes a physical barrier to germination. Yambe and Takeno (1992) and Corbineau and Côme (1993) demonstrated that a prolonged treatment or an excessively high concentration of enzymes suppressed germination due to the degradation of cell walls. Bujarska- Borkowska (2006) showed that seeds of C. monogyna are in an endocarp dormant state at the time of seed maturity.…”

“…Yambe and Takeno (1992) reported that the macerating enzymes greatly hastened germination and increased the GP for achenes of R. multiflora, and that the effect of the pectinase enzyme was more prominent. The removal of the pericarp, leaching of ABA from the pericarp and the inhibition of water has been shown to increase percentage germination (Yambe and Takeno 1992). Corbineau and Côme (1993) reported that soaking seeds of Terminalia ivorensis A. Chev.…”

“…Corbineau and Côme (1993) reported that soaking seeds of Terminalia ivorensis A. Chev. in concentrated sulphuric acid It is known that pectinase activity will weaken the megagametophyte cell walls and loosen the bonds between cells along the suture of the seed (Yambe and Takeno 1992). The degrading of bonds between cell walls apparently forces the endocarp to split and thus removes a physical barrier to germination.…”

“…They break down carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and phosphorous (by phytase and phosphatase) during water uptake by seeds, speeding up reactions tremendously and hydrolyze the endosperm, thus facilitating the protrusion of the radicle and release the inhibitory effects of ABA on embryo growth. Yambe and Takeno (1992) showed that a separate application each of Driselase (Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Tokyo), Cellulase onozuka (Yakult Biochemicals Co., Nishinomiya, Japan), pectinase and pure cellulose enzymes maximized percentage germination in Rosa multiflora Thunb achenes. Hormones mediate the metabolization of food reserves stored in the embryo cotyledons or the endosperm.…”