Improvement of Marine Clay Soil Using Lime and Alkaline Activation Stabilized with Inclusion of Treated Coir Fibre

Kamaruddin, Fatin Amirah; Nahazanan, Haslinda; Huat, Bujang Kim; Anggraini, Vivi

doi:10.3390/app10062129

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…The decline in the percentages of Si and Al (from point 1 to 3) was mainly a result of the geopolymer reaction with the time elapsed via dissolving alumina and silica, confirming the significant growth in strength [49]. However, the calculated ratios of Si:Al explain that there were changes in the composition of soils due to the coating effect or the formation of new minerals as a result of alkaline activation reactions [51].…”

Section: Microstructural Analysismentioning

confidence: 71%

Strength Development and Microstructural Behavior of Soils Stabilized with Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA)-Based Geopolymer

2021

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Using geopolymer in soil stabilization has gained much attention recently due to its efficiency in improving soil properties and being environmentally friendly at the same time. This research aims to investigate the effect of palm oil fuel ash (POFA)-based geopolymer on soft soil stabilization. The mechanical and microstructural performance of two types of clay soil treated with geopolymer produce from POFA material was the focus of this study. In this respect, a series of unconfined compression and direct shear tests were conducted to investigate the mechanical properties of soils treated with POFA-based geopolymer. Furthermore, the microstructural changes in the treated samples were analyzed using field emission electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). In accordance with the results, it was indicated that the shear strength of both soils soared by increasing the dosage of POFA-based geopolymer. Geopolymer with 40% POFA of the dry weight of soils yielded the highest UCS value at both curing periods, 7 and 28 days. Furthermore, the microstructural analysis revealed material modifications (N-A-S-H gel formation) related to strength enhancement. These results suggest the potentiality of using a POFA-based geopolymer binder to stabilize soft soil.

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Section: Microstructural Analysismentioning

confidence: 71%

Strength Development and Microstructural Behavior of Soils Stabilized with Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA)-Based Geopolymer

2021

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“…Researches by [8,[14][15][16] state in their findings that when fiber is added to the soil matrix that is known for having high tensile strength, the shear stress that is generated while the force is applied between the soil particles is transferred to the fibers to form the tensile strength on the soil, thus enhancing the strength between soil and fiber and therefore improving the soil brittleness to ductile post-peak behavior. This has been supported by [17,18] with their findings on the inclusion of treated fiber in soil where the compressive strength of the soil improved significantly compared to untreated soil. Meanwhile, the selection of a proper fiber is important as it could help in sustaining the tensile strength for the soil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Wetting/Drying Behavior of Lime and Alkaline Activation Stabilized Marine Clay Reinforced with Modified Coir Fiber

et al. 2020

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The durability of natural and treated clay soil stabilized with lime and alkaline activation (AA) affected by environmental factors (hot and humid) was determined in this study. Investigation and evaluation on the strength of the soil, moisture content, and volume change of the specimen were determined at each curing period (7, 28, and 90 days) based on the weather conditions. An unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the specimen at three different wetting/drying cycles (one, three, and five cycles) was determined. The findings show that the strength of the treated specimens fluctuated with increment and decrement strength (one and three cycles) in the range of 1.41 to 1.88 MPa (lime) and 2.64 to 8.29 MPa (AA), while for five cycles with a curing period of 90 days the decrement was in the range of 1.62 to 1.25 MPa and 6.06 to 5.89 MPa for lime and AA, respectively. The decrement percentage for treated samples that were subjected to five cycles of wetting and drying in 90 days was found to be 20.38% (lime) and 38.64% (AA), respectively. Therefore, it can be summarized that wetting/drying cycles have a significant influence on the durability, strength, and the volume changes of the specimens.

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“…The SC sample used in this study was collected from a construction site on the Jiangpu Campus of Nanjing Tech University, China, and air-dried and sieved to obtain particles lower than 2 mm. The dry density of this SC was 1.64 g/cm 3 . Its optimum moisture content (OMC) and maximum dry density (γ dmax ) were 18.2% and 1.72 g/cm 3 .…”

Section: ) Soilmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The dry density of this SC was 1.64 g/cm 3 . Its optimum moisture content (OMC) and maximum dry density (γ dmax ) were 18.2% and 1.72 g/cm 3 . The UCS was 178.8 kPa.…”

Section: ) Soilmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Chemical stabilization of problematic soils is a traditional but cost-effective technique for enhancing soil properties by incorporating various industrial-based chemical binders into soils, such as ordinary Portland cement (OPC), quicklime (CaO), fly ash (FA), and polymer, to improve the interfacial bonding effect of particles for satisfying the normative objectives sought by engineering practices [1,2]. However, the product of CaO hydration would result in significant dry shrinkage and crack and thus not be allowed to use on high-class road bases [3]. The OPC has been proven suitable for improving almost all kinds of soils [4] but possesses the disadvantages of low tensile and flexural strengths.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Silty Clay Stabilization Using Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Binder

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Phys.

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Geopolymer binders are adjudged as the latest wave of sustainable alkali-activated materials for soil stabilization due to their excellent bonding properties. This study applied metakaolin as a precursor for synthesizing the geopolymer binder by employing the mixture of quicklime and sodium bicarbonate as an alkali activator. The optimal mass mixing ratio of the alkali activator, metakaolin, and silty clay was determined by unconfined compression tests. The stabilization mechanisms of the geopolymer binder were measured by x-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The microstructural characteristics of the geopolymer-stabilized silty clay were observed by scanning electron microscopy with an energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry test for understanding the strengthening mechanism of the silty clay after the treatment. Results indicate that the optimal mass mixing ratio of the alkali activator, metakaolin, and silty clay is 1:2:17, and the unconfined compressive strength of the geopolymer-stabilized silty clay reaches the maximum value of 0.85 MPa with adding 15 wt% of the geopolymer binder. Diffraction patterns show an insufficient polymerization of the geopolymer binder in the silty clay in the early days but a rapid synthesis of aluminosilicate gels after that. The new asymmetrical stretching vibration peaks signified the formation of aluminosilicate networks and are responsible for the strength improvement of the silty clay. Microstructural analyses further confirm the formation of aluminosilicate gels and their positive impacts on the structure of the silty clay over curing age.

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Improvement of Marine Clay Soil Using Lime and Alkaline Activation Stabilized with Inclusion of Treated Coir Fibre

Cited by 24 publications

References 41 publications

Strength Development and Microstructural Behavior of Soils Stabilized with Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA)-Based Geopolymer

Strength Development and Microstructural Behavior of Soils Stabilized with Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA)-Based Geopolymer

Wetting/Drying Behavior of Lime and Alkaline Activation Stabilized Marine Clay Reinforced with Modified Coir Fiber

Silty Clay Stabilization Using Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Binder

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