Improvement of Legume Crop Production Under Environmental Stresses Through Biotechnological Intervention

Shafique, Adeena; Rehman, Sammia; Khan, Azka; Gul, Alvina

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800875-1.00001-6

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Certain enzymes also degrade the plant cell wall (cutinase, pectinase, polygalacturonase, xylanase), while others favor host colonization by acquiring nutrients through the digestion of plant matter (peptidases, lipases), and by inactivating host defenses (dehydrogenases, peroxidases, oxidoreductases) [ 45 ]. The production of these virulence factors is related to A. rabiei ’s necrotrophic lifestyle, and the levels produced depend directly on the strain’s aggressiveness [ 45 , 46 ]. When infection in the leaves is severe, the entire plant dries up and collapses.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Ascochyta Blight In Chickpeamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ascochyta Blight in Chickpea: An Update

Foresto

Carezzano

Giordano

et al. 2023

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Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), one of the most cultivated legumes worldwide, is crucial for the economy of several countries and a valuable source of nutrients. Yields may be severely affected by Ascochyta blight, a disease caused by the fungus Ascochyta rabiei. Molecular and pathological studies have not yet managed to establish its pathogenesis, since it is highly variable. Similarly, much remains to be elucidated about plant defense mechanisms against the pathogen. Further knowledge of these two aspects is fundamental for the development of tools and strategies to protect the crop. This review summarizes up-to-date information on the disease’s pathogenesis, symptomatology, and geographical distribution, as well as on the environmental factors that favor infection, host defense mechanisms, and resistant chickpea genotypes. It also outlines existing practices for integrated blight management.

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Section: Characteristics Of Ascochyta Blight In Chickpeamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ascochyta Blight in Chickpea: An Update

Foresto

Carezzano

Giordano

et al. 2023

JoF

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“…Biotic stress also considerably affects alfalfa growth and yield. Current methods of plant protection focus mostly on the elimination of pathogenic organisms using pesticides (Shafique et al, 2014). However, the improvement of plant resistance against such pathogens seems like a more beneficial alternative, since it might be more effective and more environmentally friendly (Kudapa et al, 2013;Varshney and Kudapa, 2013).…”

Section: Resistance To Biotic Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the improvement of plant resistance against such pathogens seems like a more beneficial alternative, since it might be more effective and more environmentally friendly (Kudapa et al, 2013;Varshney and Kudapa, 2013). It is expected that climatic changes are linked to the spread of diseases and emergence of new ones and can raise the threat of parasites and pests (Kudapa et al, 2013;Shafique et al, 2014). Therefore, disease-resilient plants could provide higher production and yield, reflecting the importance of genetically engineering specific genes (de Zélicourt et al, 2011).…”

Section: Resistance To Biotic Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, the most frequently occurring pathogens are bacteria and fungi belonging to Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes; these obtain nutrients by attacking various parts of the plant body (Shafique et al, 2014). Considerable declines in alfalfa production have been observed mostly due to root infections leading to wilting caused by the bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis, fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Verticillium alfalfae, and microscopic fungus Phytophthora medicaginis, or due to leaves infected by Colletotrichum trifolii (Nutter et al, 2002;Singer et al, 2018).…”

Section: Resistance To Biotic Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Obtained markers may be usable in alfalfa breeding for introducing multiple sources of resistance. Although genes for a specific resistance have been identified, new pathotypes of C. trifolii are still being discovered; therefore, the generation of new, longlasting resistant plants is more difficult (Shafique et al, 2014).…”

Section: Resistance To Biotic Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biotechnological Perspectives of Omics and Genetic Engineering Methods in Alfalfa

et al. 2020

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For several decades, researchers are working to develop improved major crops with better adaptability and tolerance to environmental stresses. Forage legumes have been widely spread in the world due to their great ecological and economic values. Abiotic and biotic stresses are main factors limiting legume production, however, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) shows relatively high level of tolerance to drought and salt stress. Efforts focused on alfalfa improvements have led to the release of cultivars with new traits of agronomic importance such as high yield, better stress tolerance or forage quality. Alfalfa has very high nutritional value due to its efficient symbiotic association with nitrogenfixing bacteria, while deep root system can help to prevent soil water loss in dry lands. The use of modern biotechnology tools is challenging in alfalfa since full genome, unlike to its close relative barrel medic (Medicago truncatula Gaertn.), was not released yet. Identification, isolation, and improvement of genes involved in abiotic or biotic stress response significantly contributed to the progress of our understanding how crop plants cope with these environmental challenges. In this review, we provide an overview of the progress that has been made in high-throughput sequencing, characterization of genes for abiotic or biotic stress tolerance, gene editing, as well as proteomic and metabolomics techniques bearing biotechnological potential for alfalfa improvement.

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