Improvement of laccase biosynthesis by various feeding strategies and in situ integration of biomass separation

Recent Developments in the Immobilization of Laccase on Carbonaceous Supports for Environmental Applications - A Critical Review

“…Laccases are identified as a group of multicopper oxidases that are widely distributed in plants, bacteria and fungi ( Senthivelan et al, 2016 ). Natural lignin degradation ability is the key feature of laccases; however, thanks to its low-substrate specificity, this enzyme could be implemented in different industries such as biofuel production, bioremediation, pulp and paper, food processing, biosensors, and dye decolorization ( Mate and Alcalde, 2017 ; Antecka et al, 2021 ). A major application of this enzyme is in the bioremediation area as laccase could oxidize different pollutants such as phenolics, non-phenolics, aromatics, non-aromatics, and carbohydrates ( Antecka et al, 2021 ).…”

“…Natural lignin degradation ability is the key feature of laccases; however, thanks to its low-substrate specificity, this enzyme could be implemented in different industries such as biofuel production, bioremediation, pulp and paper, food processing, biosensors, and dye decolorization ( Mate and Alcalde, 2017 ; Antecka et al, 2021 ). A major application of this enzyme is in the bioremediation area as laccase could oxidize different pollutants such as phenolics, non-phenolics, aromatics, non-aromatics, and carbohydrates ( Antecka et al, 2021 ). Through oxidation, laccase transforms contaminants into smaller components or into high molecular weight oligomers with the concomitant reduction of oxygen molecules into water ( Arregui et al, 2019 ).…”

“…All of these factors directly influence the economic sustainability of such processes. Large-scale production of laccase for industrial application requires a multistep process which can be expensive ( Antecka et al, 2021 ; Hafid et al, 2021 ). In addition, laccases are generally secreted during fungal secondary metabolism and, unfortunately, the amount of produced laccase from its host is not generally considered sufficient for industrial applications ( Antecka et al, 2021 ; Hafid et al, 2021 ).…”

“…Large-scale production of laccase for industrial application requires a multistep process which can be expensive ( Antecka et al, 2021 ; Hafid et al, 2021 ). In addition, laccases are generally secreted during fungal secondary metabolism and, unfortunately, the amount of produced laccase from its host is not generally considered sufficient for industrial applications ( Antecka et al, 2021 ; Hafid et al, 2021 ). A common approach to minimize laccase production cost is to optimize fermentation (process) conditions and reduce the cost of the growth medium ( Olivieri et al, 2006 ).…”

“…For instance, Xu et al (2020) reported the noteworthy enhancement in laccase activity secreted from Trametes versicolor cultured through solid-state fermentation on tea residue ( Xu et al, 2020 ). Since laccase production efficiency is greatly dependent on growth medium composition ( Antecka et al, 2021 ), the latter can also be optimized towards lower production cost. Myrothecium roridum laccase production was significantly increased when hay and rapeseed press cake extract were implemented as carbon sources ( Jasińska et al, 2019 ).…”