Improvement of Interfacial Bonding Force between PMI Foam and CFRP in PMI Foam-Cored CFRP Sandwich Composites

Cheon, Seunguk; Yu, Seongil; Kim, Ki‐Young; Lim, Dae Young; Lee, Jae Chul

doi:10.1007/s12221-021-0792-5

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Polymethacrylimide (PMI) material is lightweight and has high energy absorption, which has attracted extensive attention in recent years. The sandwich structure with PMI core has been applied in transportation, aerospace, and military protection equipment [36][37][38][39]. The mechanical properties of the sandwich structure with PMI core were also focused under different load cases, such as indentation load [36], three-point bending load [37], damage and fatigue [38], and energy absorption [39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sandwich structure with PMI core has been applied in transportation, aerospace, and military protection equipment [36][37][38][39]. The mechanical properties of the sandwich structure with PMI core were also focused under different load cases, such as indentation load [36], three-point bending load [37], damage and fatigue [38], and energy absorption [39]. Most of these works focused on increasing the strength and stiffness of sandwich structures by increasing the density and thickness of the PMI core [40,41] and filling the honeycomb core with PMI foam materials [42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study on Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Sandwich Beam with Stepwise Gradient Polymethacrylimide (PMI) Foam Core under Low-Velocity Impact

Mahgoub,

Liu,

Tan

2024

Materials

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Different PMI foam materials of 52, 110, and 200 kg/m3 were used to design stepwise gradient cores to improve the impact resistance of the sandwich beam. The stepwise gradient core consists of three layers arranged in positive gradient, negative gradient, and sandwich-core (e.g., 200/52/200). These sandwich beams were subjected to the impact of a steel projectile under impact momentum of 10 to 20 kg·m/s, corresponding to impact energy in the range of 12.5 to 50 J. During the test, the impact force was recorded by an accelerometer, and the different failure modes were also obtained. Subsequently, the influence of the layer arrangement on the energy absorption and load transfer mechanism between the different layers was analyzed. The results showed that the top layer with a large density can improve the impact force, but the middle/bottom layer with a low density promoted specific energy absorption. Thus, based on these two points, the negative gradient core (200/110/52) had an excellent specific energy absorption because it can transfer and expand the area to bear the load layer by layer, which improved the energy absorption in each layer. Combined with the failure modes, the load transfer and deformation mechanisms between the layers were also discussed. The present work provided a valuable method to design an efficient lightweight sandwich structure in the protection field.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Sandwich Beam with Stepwise Gradient Polymethacrylimide (PMI) Foam Core under Low-Velocity Impact

Mahgoub,

Liu,

Tan

2024

Materials

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“…Polymethacrylimide (PMI) foams are usually isotropic rigid with a closed cell rate of up to 100% and possess superior mechanical and thermodynamic properties thanks to their ubiquitous six-membered imide rings [1][2][3][4][5]. They have found a wide range of applications in many fields including civil aviation and can be used as spherical sealing frames for Airbus A380 and A340 super jumbos [6][7][8][9]. However, PMI foams are naturally highly flammable and may bring severe fire risks to the places where they are used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame-retardant polymethacrylimide foams modified by grafting with amino-terminated phosphorous polyborosiloxane

Zhu

Chen

Dong

et al. 2023

Mater. Res. Express

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To improve the flame retardancy of Polymethacrylimide (PMI) foam, in this study, a series of flame-retardant PMI foams were prepared by grafting with flame retardant amino-terminated phosphorous polyborosiloxane (N-PBSi), using tert-butanol (TBA) as the foaming agent. The structure, mechanical properties, thermal behavior, and flame retardancy of the resultant PMI foams were characterized. These as-prepared foams tended to be more compact in structure as N-PBSi content increased. The tensile, compressive, and bending strength of these PMI foams therefore was greatly enhanced, which were about 2 times, 9 times, and 3 times that of pure PMI foam, respectively. Besides, the introduction of N-PBSi also attributed to PMI foams better performance in char forming, especially in the air, which is beneficial for obtaining better retardancy against flame. Their advantages in flame retardancy and smoke inhabitation were confirmed by limiting oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimeter tests (CCT). The total heat release (THR) and the peak of smoke generation rate (pSPR) of PMI/N-PBSi-20 were reduced by 23.1 % and 69.9 %, respectively. The N-PBSi incorporated were thought to not only generate phosphorus-containing fragments to capture free radicals in gas phase, but also rearrange in the solid phase to form a denser carbon layer to provide a better barrier between external heat and internal flammable pyrolysis gases. Given these, it can be envisaged that the flame-retardant PMI foams modified by N-PBSi may be more attractive in a wider range of applications.

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“…Moreover, its uniform cross-linked pore wall structure affords outstanding structural stability and excellent mechanical properties [ 38 ]. Without considering other aspects, PMI foam exhibits higher compressive strength and stiffness than other polymeric foams at the same density, not to mention its high heat resistance [ 39 , 40 ]. These fascinating features of lightweight PMI foam meet the ever-increasing needs of aerospace for lightweight and high strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achieving Ultra-Wideband and Elevated Temperature Electromagnetic Wave Absorption via Constructing Lightweight Porous Rigid Structure

et al. 2022

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Realizing ultra-wideband absorption, desirable attenuation capability at high temperature and mechanical requirements for real-life applications remains a great challenge for microwave absorbing materials. Herein, we have constructed a porous carbon fiber/polymethacrylimide (CP) structure for acquiring promising microwave absorption performance and withstanding both elevated temperature and high strength in a low density. Given the ability of porous structure to induce desirable impedance matching and multiple reflection, the absorption bandwidth of CP composite can reach ultra-wideband absorption of 14 GHz at room temperature and even cover the whole X-band at 473 K. Additionally, the presence of imide ring group in polymethacrylimide and hard bubble wall endows the composite with excellent heat and compressive behaviors. Besides, the lightweight of the CP composite with a density of only 110 mg cm−3 coupled with high compressive strength of 1.05 MPa even at 453 K also satisfies the requirements in engineering applications. Compared with soft and compressible aerogel materials, we envision that the rigid porous foam absorbing material is particularly suitable for environmental extremes.

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Improvement of Interfacial Bonding Force between PMI Foam and CFRP in PMI Foam-Cored CFRP Sandwich Composites

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

Study on Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Sandwich Beam with Stepwise Gradient Polymethacrylimide (PMI) Foam Core under Low-Velocity Impact

Study on Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Sandwich Beam with Stepwise Gradient Polymethacrylimide (PMI) Foam Core under Low-Velocity Impact

Flame-retardant polymethacrylimide foams modified by grafting with amino-terminated phosphorous polyborosiloxane

Achieving Ultra-Wideband and Elevated Temperature Electromagnetic Wave Absorption via Constructing Lightweight Porous Rigid Structure

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