Improvement of Inflammation through Antioxidant Pathway of Gardeniae Fructus 50% EtOH Extract (GE) from Acute Reflux Esophagitis Rats

Abstract

Gardeniae Fructus 50% EtOH extract (GE) is a traditional herb that has been used to treat a variety of diseases. In this study, we investigate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties of GE on acute reflux-induced esophagitis (RE) model in rats. 2,2′-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays were performed to determine the antioxidant activity of GE. GE was given orally at 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight 1h 30 min prior to RE induction. And its effect was assessed in comparison with RE control and normal groups. The administration of the extract of the GE showed remarkable protection of mucosal damage in esophageal tissue, and the histologic observation showed that the gastric lesion was improved. Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the serum were diminished by GE treatment. The antioxidative biomarkers including nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were significantly increased. GE administration significantly reduced the inflammatory protein expression through MAPK-related signaling pathways and the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. These results suggest that GE protects the esophagus mucosal membrane by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory response under reflux esophagitis condition through the antioxidant pathway. Therefore, it is suggested that GE may be a potential remedy for the treatment of reflux esophagitis.

GC-MS Based Metabolomics Reveals the Synergistic Mechanism of Gardeniae Fructus-Forsythiae Fructus Herb Pair in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury Mouse Model

“…It is particularly effective in the treatment or management of bacterial infections, hyperlipidemia, influenza A virus infections, diabetes aging [ 4 ], and inflammatory conditions of the liver, pancreas, and ligament [ 5 ]. Meanwhile, FG has been reported to attenuate esophagitis in rats through antioxidative stress [ 6 ]. Geniposide, an active iridoid glycoside component in FG, had protective effects against LPS-induced ALI [ 7 ].…”

Columbianadin ameliorates experimental acute reflux esophagitis in rats via suppression of NF-κB pathway

“…GSH can be depleted in response to oxidative stress. While GSH plays a significant role in cellular protection, its direct involvement in RE is not extensively studied 20,[22][23][24] . GPx is an enzyme that works in concert with GSH to neutralize peroxides and protect cells from oxidative damage.…”

Role ofSemisulcospira gottscheiextract as medicinal food on reflux esophagitis in rats

“…Despite advances in medicine, the limitations in treating RE by means of drugs still persist due to undesirable adverse effects, relapse, and resistance to long‐term use (Eslami & Nasseri‐Moghaddam, 2013) (Subramanian & Triadafilopoulos, 2015). As traditional medicine is highlighted as a potential source for new drugs, several studies have investigated the therapeutic effects of traditional medicine on RE, and several natural resource have been reported to ameliorate the effects of gastrointestinal diseases (Nam et al., 2018), (Shin et al., 2017), (Kim et al., 2020), (Kengkoom et al., 2017), (Miao et al., 2021), (Yasin et al., 2020; Li et al, 2020). The present study attempted to investigate whether SG, a functional food in Korea, has any protective effect on RE, using LPS‐induced Raw 264.7 cells and RE induced rat models.…”