Improvement of impact toughness of the SA 508 class 3 steel for nuclear pressure vessel through steel-making and heat-treatment practices

Kim, J.T; Kwon, Hee-Kyung; Chang, Hee Seok; Park, Y.W

doi:10.1016/s0029-5493(97)00068-x

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…temperatures and changes in latent heat. The figure clearly shows that regardless of chemical composition the thermodynamic software fails to represent the ferrite transformation that is exhibited in experimental data and reported in the literature [28,29].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Although at slower cooling rates it highlights the potential for lower bainite formation in this grade of material. The microstructural dependency of mechanical properties has been demonstrated in a number of characterisation studies [26,27] and the formation of ferrite, as a result of low cooling rates from austenitisation temperatures, has been attributed to poor impact toughness properties [28,29]. The inability of the software data to predict the formation of ferrite may lead to a misrepresentation of microstructure and hence properties should the data be used to infer or predict transformations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparison of Input Data Used to Represent Phase Transformations during the Quenching of a Large Nuclear Forging

Howson

Wynne

Davies

et al. 2016

KEM

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The present work explores the importance of model parameters and input variables when simulating the quenching of thick sectioned nuclear forgings. The modelling approach adopted uses values of specific heat capacity, containing latent heat release, to simulate cooling curves; rather than calculating transformation kinetics based upon a mathematical model. Termed the effective specific heat (Cpeff), two different methods were used to establish values: differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermos dynamic predictive software. Values were then included in finite element (FE) models to simulate the characteristic cooling at the mid-wall position in a thick section forging and were validated against production thermocouple data. The investigation found that the formation of ferrite, bainite and martensite or lower bainite were all represented by the data established using DSC and critical formation temperatures were comparable with others in the literature. Conversely, values calculated using the thermodynamic software failed to represent ferrite formation and predicted different critical transformation temperatures for bainite. The simulated cooling curve that used the software predicted Cpeff data was comparable to the thermocouple data either side of the bainite transformation, however during the transformation the effects of latent heat on cooling rate were over predicting leading to disparities. The equivalent DSC cooling curves produced a near exact match.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Input Data Used to Represent Phase Transformations during the Quenching of a Large Nuclear Forging

Howson

Wynne

Davies

et al. 2016

KEM

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“…원자로 압력용기는 원전의 수명과 안전성에 결정적인 영향을 미치는 원전 핵심기기로써 사용 재료의 높은 강 도와 인성이 요구된다. 이에 합금원소의 첨가 1,2) , 열처 리 조건의 최적화 3,4) 11,14) , 결…”

Section: 서 론unclassified

Effect of Post-Weld Heat Treatment Temperature on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Weld Heat-Affected Zone of Low-Alloy Steel for Nuclear Reactor Pressure Vessel

강¹,

박²,

오³

et al. 2020

Journal of Welding and Joining

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The effect of post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) temperature on the mechanical properties of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of P-No. 3 low-alloy steel was investigated by taking into account the changes in microstructure. SA-508 Gr. 3 Cl. 1 forged steel was employed, and the specimens taken from the steel were thermally cycled using a Gleeble simulator to simulate coarse-grained HAZ (CGHAZ), fine-grained HAZ (FGHAZ), intercritical HAZ (ICHAZ), and subcritical HAZ (SCHAZ). The respective base metal and simulated HAZ specimens were heat treated in a furnace at 610, 650, 690, and 730℃ for 8 hours. Before the heat treatment, the ICHAZ, FGHAZ and CGHAZ exhibited high hardness and poor impact toughness. However, when the PWHT was applied, the hardness decreased and the impact toughness improved; the impact toughness was highly dependent on the PWHT temperature. The impact toughness of the ICHAZ and FGHAZ increased significantly when the PWHT temperature was 650℃ or below, while that of CGHAZ improved significantly when the PWHT temperature was 650℃ or higher. The microstructural changes due to the PWHT were observed by scanning electron microscopy and correlated with the mechanical properties.r composed of iron-based composition system had similar characteristics to the material to be repaired.

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“…Any thermal gradients that exist can, depending on steel hardenability, result in a through thickness microstructure and mechanical property variation. [1][2][3][4] The microstructure variation can manifest itself as a change in the phase distribution and/ or a change in scale (coarseness) of a particular phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of controlled heat treatment to predict mechanical properties in steel components

Al-Bermani

Davies

Chesman

et al. 2016

Ironmaking & Steelmaking

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This paper investigates the non-destructive, experimental determination of mechanical properties, at any location within large steel forgings, through the use of controlled heat treatment. Industrial time-temperature data from heat treatment furnaces have been used as the surface temperature boundary condition in finite element models. The models have been used to determine the thermal history at specific locations of interest within a 95 tonne forging. Application of the predicted thermal history to a laboratory sized sample of material, using controlled heat treatment, results in macroscale material that has an identical thermal history to the points of interest within the forging. This sample material has been mechanically tested and compared to mechanical test results from the forging itself.

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Improvement of impact toughness of the SA 508 class 3 steel for nuclear pressure vessel through steel-making and heat-treatment practices

Cited by 19 publications

References 4 publications

A Comparison of Input Data Used to Represent Phase Transformations during the Quenching of a Large Nuclear Forging

A Comparison of Input Data Used to Represent Phase Transformations during the Quenching of a Large Nuclear Forging

Effect of Post-Weld Heat Treatment Temperature on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Weld Heat-Affected Zone of Low-Alloy Steel for Nuclear Reactor Pressure Vessel

Use of controlled heat treatment to predict mechanical properties in steel components

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