Improvement of Hydrophilicity for Polyamide Composite Membrane by Incorporation of Graphene Oxide-Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles

Abstract

In this work, the polyamide (PA) membrane surface has been modified by coating of nanomaterials including graphene oxide (GO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) to enhance membrane separation and antifouling properties. The influence of surface modification conditions on membrane characteristics has been investigated and compared with a base membrane. Membrane surface properties were determined through scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy. Membrane separation performance was determined through the possibility for the removal of methylene blue (MB) in water. Membrane antifouling property was evaluated by the maintained flux ratios (%) after 120 minutes of filtration. The experimental results showed that the appearance of hydrophilic groups after coating of GO and TiO2 nanocomposite materials with or without UV irradiation onto membrane surface made an improvement in the separation property of the coated membranes. The membrane flux increased from 28% to 61%; meanwhile, the antifouling property of the coated membranes was improved clearly, especially for UV-irradiated PA/GO-TiO2 membrane.

Nitric Oxide Release and Antibacterial Efficacy Analyses of S-Nitroso-N-Acetyl-Penicillamine Conjugated to Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles

“…33,34 Among all the nanoparticles, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles (TiNPs) have been given prominent attention for the past decades owing to their unique properties such as chemical stability, a hydroxyl-rich surface, biocompatibility, non-toxicity to mammalian cells, hypoallergenic and photodynamic properties, a high refractive index, and a relevantly low cost. 35 TiO 2 nanoparticles (TiNPs) have been used extensively in anticancer therapy, 36,37 photoactivated antibacterial surface coatings, 38−40 biosensors, 41 cosmetics, 42 food and drug colorants, 37 water treatment technologies, 43,44 anticorrosion applications, 45 and white paint production. 46,47 Furthermore, the antibacterial capacity of TiNPs under UV irradiation techniques has been extensively studied and utilized for years, although there are concerns for the utilization of UV irradiation as it can induce adverse effects such as cell death and host tissue cell necrosis.…”

“…Not only do they possess beneficial applications solely due to their unique properties, but also linking a therapeutic agent to nanoparticles can enhance their selectivity and targeted delivery, induce multifunctionality, with moderate side effects, amplify therapeutic efficacy, and impede systemic cytotoxicity. , Among all the nanoparticles, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles (TiNPs) have been given prominent attention for the past decades owing to their unique properties such as chemical stability, a hydroxyl-rich surface, biocompatibility, non-toxicity to mammalian cells, hypoallergenic and photodynamic properties, a high refractive index, and a relevantly low cost . TiO 2 nanoparticles (TiNPs) have been used extensively in anticancer therapy, , photoactivated antibacterial surface coatings, − biosensors, cosmetics, food and drug colorants, water treatment technologies, , anticorrosion applications, and white paint production. , Furthermore, the antibacterial capacity of TiNPs under UV irradiation techniques has been extensively studied and utilized for years, although there are concerns for the utilization of UV irradiation as it can induce adverse effects such as cell death and host tissue cell necrosis. , Therefore, extensive research is being done to improve TiNP antibacterial efficacy by embedding other elements to the TiNP structure to obtain higher bactericidal efficacy and facilitate or even obviate light activation of the particles. ,, …”

Novel High Flux Poly(m-phenylene isophtalamide)/TiO2 Membranes for Ultrafiltration with Enhanced Antifouling Performance

“…There are only a few works devoted to the application of composite polyamide/TiO 2 in membrane technology, particularly for the preparation of membranes for nanofiltration [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ], reverse osmosis [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ], pervaporation [ 39 ], and microfiltration [ 40 ]. In [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ], the nanofiltration thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes based on PA were subjected to the modification with TiO 2 .…”

“…The membrane with 0.3 w / v % APTES-TiO 2 had greatly improved pure water flux with a high level of Na 2 SO 4 rejection (>95%), and NaCl and Na 2 SO 4 rejection (23.2%, 99.7%, respectively) in the separation of single salt solution. The works in [ 31 , 32 ] were aimed at modifying commercial nanofiltration PA membranes. A commercial PA membrane was modified by coating with silver-doped TiO 2 (Ag–TiO 2 ) nanoparticles (0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 wt.%) on the membrane surface by a dip coating method [ 32 ].…”

“…It was indicated that the modified membranes demonstrated efficient antibacterial properties: the bacterial growth reduced approximately 93% and 91% compared to the pristine membrane. The other commercial PA membrane was surface modified by the coating of nanomaterials graphene oxide (GO) and titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) to enhance membrane separation and antifouling properties for the removal of methylene blue (MB) in water [ 31 ]. The increased flux from 28% to 61% and improved antifouling property of the coated membranes (especially under UV-irradiation) were reported.…”