Improvement of gonad quality of the sea urchin Mesocentrotus nudus fed the kelp Saccharina japonica during offshore cage culture

Takagi, Satomi; Murata, Yuko; Inomata, Eri; Endo, Hikaru; Aoki, Masakazu; Agatsuma, Yukio

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.04.033

Cited by 27 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…In this area, the P. lividus annual reproductive cycle is characterized by a long period during which the gonads have developing, mature and spawning gametes, and a brief resting period from July to September (Fabbrocini & D'Adamo, 2010a;Fabbrocini, Maurizio, & D'Adamo, 2016;Tenuzzo, Zaccarelli, & Dini, 2012). In this study, the histological analysis showed that gonads progressed from the recovery phase to early growing in both cultured sea ur- It is well known that sea urchin gonad growth mainly depends on dietary regime (Cuesta-Gomez & Sánchez-Saavedra, 2017; Marsh, Powell, & Watts, 2013), since gonads, specifically nutritive phagocytes, are the main nutrient storage organ (Carboni, Hughes, Atack, Tocher, & Migaud, 2015;Spirlet, Grosjean, & Jangoux, 2000;Takagi et al, 2017;Walker et al, 2015). In fact, a lipid-rich diet in P. lividus has been shown to increase GSI by increasing gonad reserve storage (Carboni et al, 2015), while…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…It is well known that sea urchin gonad growth mainly depends on dietary regime (Cuesta‐Gomez & Sánchez‐Saavedra, ; Marsh, Powell, & Watts, ), since gonads, specifically nutritive phagocytes, are the main nutrient storage organ (Carboni, Hughes, Atack, Tocher, & Migaud, ; Spirlet, Grosjean, & Jangoux, ; Takagi et al., ; Walker et al., ). In fact, a lipid‐rich diet in P. lividus has been shown to increase GSI by increasing gonad reserve storage (Carboni et al., ), while Strongylocentrotus purpuratus specimens fed high‐carbohydrate diets showed a more efficient use of proteins (Cuesta‐Gomez & Sánchez‐Saavedra, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be stressed here that the panel was composed of regular consumers of sea urchin roe, since the purpose of the evaluation was to verify that in the eyes of the habitual consumer, the gonads obtained from our experiment were comparable to those of wild specimens. Such equivalence depends on various factors, mainly the free amino acid and lipid content (Agatsuma, Sato, & Taniguchi, 2005;Pearce et al, 2004;Takagi et al, 2017). In many species of sea urchin, glycine and alanine are known to be sweet amino acids (Osako et al, 2007;Phillips et al, 2010;Takagi et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The development of phagocytes is closely linked to the assimilation of nutrients from the diet. Recent echiniculture studies have therefore focused on the development of artificial diets designed to increase gonadal mass but also to obtain gonadal texture, taste and colour comparable to those of wild sea urchins (Cyrus, Bolton, & Macey, 2015;Takagi, Murata, Inomata, Endo, & Aoki, 2017;Zhang et al, 2017).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Gonad quality of sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus cultured in an offshore pilot-scale trial on the south-east Italian coast

et al. 2018

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A pilot project aimed at testing roe enhancement strategies based on offshore Paracentrotus lividus cultures was conducted off the south‐east coast of Italy (Apulia Region). Adult sea urchins were reared in sea cages located 700 m offshore at a depth of 12 m for 3 months. The animals were fed once a week on two formulated diets, prepared mixing nutrients with agar 20 g/Kg and differing only in terms of the protein source: anchovy flour (Diet A) or krill flour (Diet K). At the end of the rearing trial, the gonad somatic index of sea urchins fed on formulated diets significantly exceeded that of wild sea urchins. Total FAA content in the gonads of wild sea urchins and Diet A‐fed sea urchins was similar, whereas in Diet K‐fed sea urchins it was significantly higher. In terms of fatty acids, the gonads contained SFAs, MUFAs and PUFAs. In visual and sensory assessment of gonads by panel test and electronic nose, the gonads of reared sea urchins were rated as being of better size, while no differences were recorded for coloration, taste and odour. This study shows that under these experimental conditions, commercial‐grade Paracentrotus lividus roe enhancement can be achieved after 3 months in sea cages.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gonad quality of sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus cultured in an offshore pilot-scale trial on the south-east Italian coast

et al. 2018

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“…These warm ocean conditions can subsequently affect the gonad production and recruitment of sea urchins into the fishery (Tegner and Dayton, 1991; Arntz et al , 2006; Rogers-Bennett, 2007; Vasquez, 2007; Teck et al , 2017) and may have explained the decrease in S. fragilis gonad production in Fall 2015 (Figure 5b). As these conditions are predicted to become more frequent due to ocean warming (Sweetman et al , 2017), it is critical for stakeholders to consider alternative sources of sea urchins including increased imports, aquaculture, or other alternative food production techniques (McBride, 2005; Takagi et al , 2017). This enhanced flexibility could provide stakeholders with adaptive management strategies (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the promise and pitfalls of a potential climate change–tolerant sea urchin fishery in southern California

Sato

Powell

Rudie

et al. 2017

ICES Journal of Marine Science

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Marine fishery stakeholders are beginning to consider and implement adaptation strategies in the face of growing consumer demand and potential deleterious climate change impacts such as ocean warming, ocean acidification, and deoxygenation. This study investigates the potential for development of a novel climate change-tolerant sea urchin fishery in southern California based on Strongylocentrotus fragilis (pink sea urchin), a deep-sea species whose peak density was found to coincide with a current trap-based spot prawn fishery (Pandalus platyceros) in the 200–300-m depth range. Here we outline potential criteria for a climate change-tolerant fishery by examining the distribution, life-history attributes, and marketable qualities of S. fragilis in southern California. We provide evidence of seasonality of gonad production and demonstrate that peak gonad production occurs in the winter season. S. fragilis likely spawns in the spring season as evidenced by consistent minimum gonad indices in the spring/summer seasons across 4 years of sampling (2012–2016). The resiliency of S. fragilis to predicted future increases in acidity and decreases in oxygen was supported by high species abundance, albeit reduced relative growth rate estimates at water depths (485–510 m) subject to low oxygen (11.7–16.9 µmol kg−1) and pHTotal (<7.44), which may provide assurances to stakeholders and managers regarding the suitability of this species for commercial exploitation. Some food quality properties of the S. fragilis roe (e.g. colour, texture) were comparable with those of the commercially exploited shallow-water red sea urchin (Mesocentrotus franciscanus), while other qualities (e.g. 80% reduced gonad size by weight) limit the potential future marketability of S. fragilis. This case study highlights the potential future challenges and drawbacks of climate-tolerant fishery development in an attempt to inform future urchin fishery stakeholders.

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Comparative morpho‐physiological aspects and transcriptomics of the gonads from wild caught and enhanced green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis)

Sætra

Burgerhout

Johnsen

et al. 2021

Aquaculture Fish & Fisheries

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There is a growing interest in sea urchin roe enhancement around the world, but relatively little is known about the physical differences between enhanced and wild sea urchin roe and the causes of any differences. The main objective of this study was to compare various aspects of roe from wild and enhanced green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) using morphological and histological examinations, as well as analyses of amino and fatty acids, and gene expression profiles. Sea urchins were collected (n = 250) from a wild population and held in raceways where they were fed a commercially available formulated diet for 14 weeks (mid-August -mid-November).At consecutive time-points, samples from the wild and enhanced sea urchins were obtained. The gonad index (GI) increased significantly in the enhanced sea urchins from 6.1% to 29.65% at week 12, while no significant increase was recorded in wild sea urchins. The concentrations of the amino acids' glycine, lysine and leucine were different between the treatments, the first two being higher and the latter lower in the enhanced sea urchin roe. Wild sea urchins had 6% more unidentified fatty acid content than enhanced sea urchins. A significant progress in reproductive stages in wild sea urchins was observed; however, none in the enhanced sea urchins, suggesting gametogenesis is inhibited in captivity, or variations in feed availability. Enhanced sea urchins had relatively less reproductive cells and an overall messier and less uniform appearance mid-trial (weeks 8-10). Scanning electron microscopy images showed less structured and greater number of surface flagella in enhanced sea urchins. Transcriptomic analysis by RNA-sequencing showed a total of 255 differentially expressed genes between the wild and enhanced groups, which had functions largely involved in the biosynthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and ethanol degradation.

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Improvement of gonad quality of the sea urchin Mesocentrotus nudus fed the kelp Saccharina japonica during offshore cage culture

Cited by 27 publications

References 61 publications

Gonad quality of sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus cultured in an offshore pilot-scale trial on the south-east Italian coast

Gonad quality of sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus cultured in an offshore pilot-scale trial on the south-east Italian coast

Evaluating the promise and pitfalls of a potential climate change–tolerant sea urchin fishery in southern California

Comparative morpho‐physiological aspects and transcriptomics of the gonads from wild caught and enhanced green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis)

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