Improvement of fire retardancy of plywood by incorporating boron or phosphate compounds in the glue

Su, Wen-Yu; Subyakto, Subyakto; Hata, Toshimitsu; Nishimiya, Koei; Imamura, Yuji; Ishihara, Shigehisa

doi:10.1007/bf00526258

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…At this time, a significant part of the sample still remains in the sample holder. In the last step (D), the residual part of the slab undergoes glowing (non‐flaming combustion) . A char residue of around 17% is observed at the end of combustion, ie, when HRR returns to zero.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Method to characterize the fire behavior of materials assemblies

et al. 2018

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Summary The fire behavior of various large samples polymers assemblies is an under‐researched topic. In fire risk assessment, the resultant heat release rate of burning different combustibles has to be known. To highlight interactions between components, 2 types of configurations were tested: juxtaposed and layered materials, using a specific radiant panel setup. For juxtaposed assemblies, results indicated that the more flammable component acted as an accelerator for the global combustion kinetics. For layered assemblies, 2 main phenomena were evidenced: the front material acted as a shield delaying the combustion of the backside material and the presence of a backside material induced a thermal thickening that slowed down the combustion of the front material. The experimental burning behaviors of the assembly were compared with a simulated one calculated from the superposition principle. This method was described by introducing a time offset and/or a slowdown factor in the model, confirmed with the use of different assemblies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…of the slab undergoes glowing (non-flaming combustion). 35 A char residue of around 17% is observed at the end of combustion, ie, when HRR returns to zero. This char yield is consistent with those observed by other authors.…”

Section: Sample Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method to characterize the fire behavior of materials assemblies

et al. 2018

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“…Meanwhile, these chemicals could also leach out and be harmful to the environment and human health [31]. For the second method, the incorporation of flame retardants inevitably increases the viscosity and curing time, and decreases the bond strength of the adhesive [21]. Flame-retardant coatings, particularly intumescent coatings, are a convenient and effective way to decrease the flammability of the substrate materials, but they can be affected by aging and mechanical abrasion/impact [23,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel application of silicone-based flame-retardant adhesive in plywood

Wang

Zammarano

Shields

et al. 2018

Construction and Building Materials

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A silicone-based elastomer filled with vinyl-silane treated aluminum hydroxide was used to replace conventional polyurethane-based adhesive to provide a flame-retardant adhesive for plywood. The shear strength and fire performance of such a silicone-based (SI) adhesive glued plywood (SI/plywood) were investigated and compared to those of the polyurethane-based (PU) adhesive glued plywood (PU/plywood). The shear strength of the SI/plywood [(0.92 ± 0.09) MPa] was about 63% lower than that of the PU/plywood at room temperature, but it was less sensitive to water (62% reduction for the PU/plywood and 30% reduction for the SI/plywood after hot-water immersion at 63 °C for 3 h). The fire performance of plywood was assessed by a simulated match-flame ignition test (Mydrin test), lateral ignition and flame spread test, cone calorimetry, and thermocouple measurements. With a higher burn-though resistance and thermal barrier efficiency, and lower flame spread and heat release rate, the SI/plywood exhibited a superior fire-resistance and reaction-to-fire performance and improved fire-resistance as compared to the PU/plywood. The SI adhesive generated an inorganic protective layer on the sample surface that visibly suppressed glowing and smoldering of the plywood during combustion. The SI adhesive was also combined and reinforced with cellulosic fabric (CF) or glass fabric (GF) to prepare composite plywood (SI/CF/plywood and SI/GF/plywood) with improved fire performance. The cone calorimetry and thermocouple measurements indicated that the use of CF or GF in SI/CF/plywood and SI/GF/plywood, respectively, suppressed the delamination and cracking of the composite plywood and promoted the formation of an effective thermal barrier during smoldering and flaming combustion. Particularly, the SI/GF/plywood exhibited the most effective fire barrier with no crack formation, and the lowest heat release rate among the plywood types investigated in this study.

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“…There are some main ways of decreasing the flammability of plywood panels: (a) soaking, diffusion, or impregnation of the individual veneers before gluing (Shim 1982;Grexa et al 1999;Miljković et al 2005;Laufenberg et al 2006;Borysiuk et al 2011;Bueno et al 2014); (b) incorporation of the fire retardant into the glue used for bonding (Su et al 1998;Grexa et al 1999;Cheng and Wang 2011); (c) impregnating the consolidated plywood with chemicals by vacuum pressure process or other methods (Kim et al 1984;Kim 1987;LeVan et al 1996); and (d) surface treatment by flame-retardant coating (Chou et al 2009;Chou et al 2010;Chuang et al 2010;Chang et al 2011;Yew et al 2015). Some works describe the incorporation of nanomaterials into the polymeric systems to improve their fire behavior, along with analyzing the effects of several treatments based on the use of nanomaterials on the properties of natural wood veneers, primarily on their fire behavior (Bueno et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Diffusive Impregnation of Birch Veneers with Fire Retardant on Plywood Properties

Bryn¹,

Bekhta²,

Sedliacik³

et al. 2016

BioResources

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Wood is a natural, organic material that cannot be exposed to high temperatures, fire, or heat, especially when wood or wood-based materials are used as construction elements. The fire-extinguishing composition of di-ammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium bromide (DAB) was used to increase the fire-resistance of birch plywood. The effects of various parameters of diffusive impregnation of the veneer (temperature and concentration of impregnating solution, duration of impregnation) were investigated. Their dependence was linear for the temperature of impregnating solution, and logarithmic for concentration of impregnating solution and duration of impregnation. Increased retention of fire retardant improved plywood fire resistance. However, considering the quality of impregnation, energy costs, and plywood properties, the following parameters of wet veneer impregnation are recommended: a temperature of impregnating solution of 22 °C, concentration of 30%, and duration of impregnation of 8 min.

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Improvement of fire retardancy of plywood by incorporating boron or phosphate compounds in the glue

Cited by 19 publications

References 1 publication

Method to characterize the fire behavior of materials assemblies

Method to characterize the fire behavior of materials assemblies

A novel application of silicone-based flame-retardant adhesive in plywood

The Effect of Diffusive Impregnation of Birch Veneers with Fire Retardant on Plywood Properties

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