Improvement of ferroelectric properties via Zr doping in barium titanate nanoparticles

Abstract

Barium titanate is still the prototype of a piezoelectric crystalline material that has attracted many researchers and industrial partners to use. A modified citrate method was used to create barium titanate nanoparticles BaTi1−xZrxO3. The samples were crystallized in a single-phase tetragonal structure, as revealed using X-ray powder diffraction. The crystallite size decreases with increasing Zr concentration. Fourier-transform infrared spectra showed the main absorption bands of the samples BaTi1−xZrxO3. Field emission scanning electron microscopy micrographs illustrate that the doped sample BaTi0.9Zr0.1O3 is more porous and finer than the parent. For low Zr doping concentrations (x = 0.1), the ferroelectric properties of barium titanate are improved. The conduction mechanisms in the samples are small polaron hopping and correlated barrier hopping. The Zr/Ti ratio is a crucial parameter for tailoring the ferroelectric–paraelectric phase transition.

Effects of yttrium doping on structural, electrical and optical properties of barium titanate ceramics

“…The samples' lattice parameters (a, c) rise when yttrium content increases, leading in an increase in unit cell volume, because the electronic density and ionic radii of Y varies. This type of enlargement has also been observed for zirconium doping in a tetragonal matrix of BaTiO 3 [24].…”

Development of Yttrium-Doped BaTiO3 for Next-Generation Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors

“…The broadening of diffraction peaks in a material is mainly caused by lattice-strain that is initiated by crystallite defects and distortions, according to the suggestion of Williamson and Hall (W–H) W h k l = W normalc normalr normaly normals normalt normala normall normali normalt normale + W normals normalt normalr normala normali normaln …”

“…This type of enlargement has also been observed for zirconium doping in a tetragonal matrix of BaTiO 3 . 38 The broadening of diffraction peaks in a material is mainly caused by lattice-strain that is initiated by crystallite defects and distortions, according to the suggestion of Williamson and Hall (W−H). 38 W W W…”

Study the multiferroic properties of BiFeO3/Ni0.1Fe2.9O4 for heavy metal removal

“…Thus, the synthesis of NMs offers advancing opportunities for water purification and environmental sustainability [11]. Multiferroic materials show more than one of the properties of ferroelectric, ferromagnetic and ferroelastic in the same stage [12]. Multiferrocity (Magnetoelectricity) is a coexistence of magnetic and electric ordering in the same phase [13].…”