Improvement of enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol production from corn stalk by alkali and N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide pretreatments

Cai, Lingyan; Ma, Yulong; Ma, Xiaoxia; Lv, Junmin

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2016.04.012

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…• S8-Combi (15 datasets from references [117,118,[140][141][142][143][144][145][146][147][148][149][150][151][152] ): Various combinations of physical, chemical, and thermochemical pretreatment. Pretreated corn stover is subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis and then fermentation after washing with water.…”

Section: Technological Configurationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioethanol from corn stover – Global warming footprint of alternative biotechnologies

Zhao

Damgaard

et al. 2019

Applied Energy

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Bioethanol from residual corn stover could contribute to lowering CO2 loads within the transport sector, if used as an amendment to gasoline. We modelled by life cycle assessment and Monte Carlo simulation seven different technological configurations for producing bioethanol from corn stover based on consistent mass flows and estimated ethanol production extracted from 141 datasets of reasonable quality. By parametrizing key processes and determining their statistical distribution based on actual data, we were able to estimate the Global Warming Potential (GWPs) for all the alternative technologies on a system level. Most of the individual cases showed a net saving in GWP when the savings obtained from recovering energy from anaerobic digestion of the liquid residues and incineration of the solid residues were included. The net savings could in some cases be as high as 900~1200 kg CO2-eq/t dry corn stover solids. If the residues were not subject to energy recovery, the production of bioethanol and use in gasoline would be a net load to global warming in more than 50% of the technological configurations. The "best-practice", defined as the top 15% cumulative probability with respect to GWP, suggests that technologies based on steam explosion and ammonia-based pretreatment appear statistically the most promising and could contribute, with residue energy recovery, to GWP savings of 850-1050 kg CO2-eq/t dry corn stover solids and produce in the range 178-216 kg of bioethanol. This paper provides insights into the key parameters for bioethanol production from corn stover and suggests areas for further research.

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Section: Technological Configurationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioethanol from corn stover – Global warming footprint of alternative biotechnologies

Zhao

Damgaard

et al. 2019

Applied Energy

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“…Various pretreatment approaches have been proposed and applied, including physical, chemical, and biological methods 12 . Alkali, acid, steam explosion, and hot water pretreatments have been extensively performed in related fields 13 – 15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pretreatment of wheat straw leads to structural changes and improved enzymatic hydrolysis

Zheng

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

146

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Wheat straw (WS) is a potential biomass for production of monomeric sugars. However, the enzymatic hydrolysis ratio of cellulose in WS is relatively low due to the presence of lignin and hemicellulose. To enhance the enzymatic conversion of WS, we tested the impact of three different pretreatments, e.g. sulfuric acid (H2SO4), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and hot water pretreatments to the enzymatic digestions. Among the three pretreatments, the highest cellulose conversion rate was obtained with the 4% NaOH pretreatment at 121 °C (87.2%). In addition, NaOH pretreatment was mainly effective in removing lignin, whereas the H2SO4 pretreatment efficiently removed hemicellulose. To investigate results of pretreated process for enhancement of enzyme-hydolysis to the WS, we used scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to analyze structural changes of raw and treated materials. The structural analysis indicated that after H2SO4 and NaOH pretreatments, most of the amorphous cellulose and partial crystalline cellulose were hydrolyzed during enzymatic hydrolysis. The findings of the present study indicate that WS could be ideal materials for production of monomeric sugars with proper pretreatments and effective enzymatic base hydrolysis.

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“…15 wt% and forms a viscous solution at temperatures above 80°C, which can be spun well (Fink et al 2001;Sayyed et al 2019). NMMO is also used as a reaction medium for cellulose modification and has been investigated as a treatment for fibers (Zhang et al 2018;Ö ztürk et al 2009;Manian et al 2007) or swelling medium for biomass processing and utilization (Satari et al 2019;Brodeur et al 2016;Cai et al 2016;Wikandari et al 2016;Aslanzadeh et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cautionary note on “exothermic events” upon contact of carbodiimide coupling agents and the cellulose solvent N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide

et al. 2020

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The cellulose solvent N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide monohydrate (NMMO) reacts violently with carbodiimide coupling agents, such as the widely used DCC (dicyclohexylcarbodiimide) and EDC (1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide), which can cause explosions, heavy smoke generation and complete charring of the reaction mixtures. For this reason it is clear that cellulose or other carbohydrates dissolved in NMMO (“Lyocell conditions”) cannot be safely esterified or amidified under DCC/EDC conditions. It is important to note that cellulosic material regenerated from NMMO solutions also poses a risk if it contains residual NMMO, which can then come into contact with DCC-type coupling agents in non-aqueous media, as recent accidents have unfortunately shown. Similarly, EDC/DCC traces in cellulose can have detrimental effects when trying to dissolve the material in NMMO. Working in aqueous systems generally reduces the risk of uncontrolled reactions, while alcohols or aprotic solvents are not very effective in this regard. Washing for NMMO removal or EDC/DCC removal should therefore always be carried out by aqueous media, if any possible, if there is a potential risk that the reagents might come into contact later. This warning describes the potential hazards of the reagent combination, highlights the underlying degradation mechanism and explains the precautions to be taken to avoid any “exothermic events”. Graphic abstract

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Improvement of enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol production from corn stalk by alkali and N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide pretreatments

Cited by 19 publications

References 24 publications

Bioethanol from corn stover – Global warming footprint of alternative biotechnologies

Bioethanol from corn stover – Global warming footprint of alternative biotechnologies

Pretreatment of wheat straw leads to structural changes and improved enzymatic hydrolysis

A cautionary note on “exothermic events” upon contact of carbodiimide coupling agents and the cellulose solvent N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide

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