Improvement of elements of cultivation technology for winter crops and chickpea on chernozems of southern and dark chestnut soils of the Orenburg region

Abstract

The Orenburg region is characterized by a sharp continental climate. It is characterized by cold winters, and frequent droughts in summer. That is why, the most frost-resistant winter wheat and rye of winter crops are cultivated in the region, and the chickpea is the most drought-resistant one of grain legumes. The changing climate requires constant clarification of sowing dates, methods, seeding rates, and emerging new liquid fertilizers require clarification, if possible, of their joint application in certain phases of plant development. In our winter wheat studies, various combinations of liquid fertilizers together with a growth regulator used in the tillering and earing phases were studied, as well as the the sowing dates. Sowing methods and seeding rates have been studied on chickpea. It was revealed that the highest yield of winter wheat is provided by foliar fertilization with liquid nitrogen fertilizer Carb-N-Humik both in the tillering and earing phases. The optimal time for sowing winter crops is the first term, i.e. August 19. The most acceptable method of sowing chickpeas is an ordinary one with a seeding rate of 1.1 million/ha.