Improvement of Bismuth Telluride electrodeposited films by the addition of Sodium Lignosulfonate

Electrodeposition of stoichiometric bismuth telluride Bi2Te3 using a piperidinium ionic liquid binary mixture

“…The data from the Hall effect measurements also confirm this result. The absolute value of the Seebeck coefficient is close to values obtained for coatings deposited from aqueous bath [17]. The electrical resistivity measured is 133 µΩ m, a higher value than what is commonly obtained for coatings synthesized from aqueous electrolytes (around 10 µΩ m [16,17,46,47] A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 13 impurities…).…”

“…The absolute value of the Seebeck coefficient is close to values obtained for coatings deposited from aqueous bath [17]. The electrical resistivity measured is 133 µΩ m, a higher value than what is commonly obtained for coatings synthesized from aqueous electrolytes (around 10 µΩ m [16,17,46,47] A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 13 impurities…). Moreover it should be noted that the used lift-off method required for the transport properties measurements could have damaged the electroplated films during the release process by introducing cracks or other defects that increase the electrical resistivity, as suggested by Rostek et al [48].…”

“…Bi 2 Te 3 and its derivatives have been successfully synthesized by electrochemical method from nitric acid [8,9,[11][12][13][14], sulfuric acid [10] and hydrochloric acid [15] aqueous solutions and the experimental conditions (bath composition, applied current density or potential) corresponding to optimal thermoelectric properties of bismuth telluride are now wellestablished. However, the properties of electrodeposited films appear currently lower or comparable at the best to those of bulk samples [16][17][18] and Te(IV) salts present a low solubility in aqueous baths (80 mM [10]). Molecular organic solvents leading to high metallic salts solubility (typically 1M), like dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and ethylene glycol (EG), were investigated as alternative to aqueous electrolytes [19][20][21].…”

Improvements on Electrodeposited Bi2Te3-ySey Films by Different Additives

“…[5] In order to gain control on the different growth parameters of the films, the use of additives was studied. Firstly, Sodium Lignosulfonate (SLS) was added, which has proved to increase the orientation of the Bi 2 Te 3 compound along the [110] direction [6,7]. This direction is important in order to gain access to the lowest thermal conductivity of thermoelectric devices where the films work in out-of-plane configuration.…”

The Impact of Surfactant Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate on the Microstructure and Thermoelectric Properties of p-type (Sb1-xBix)2Te3Electrodeposited Films

“…13 Researchers have been working to improve these properties by the addition of surfactant. In order to make the films homogeneous and smooth, different surfactants have been used namely sodium ligninsulfonate (SLS), 14,15 cetyltrimethylammonium bromide CTAB, 16,17 ethylene-glycol, 18 polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). 19 However, most of the reported works are done on n-type Bi 2 Te 3 .…”