Improvement of biodegradability index through electrocoagulation and advanced oxidation process

Asha, A.; Keerthi,; Muthukrishnaraj, A.; Balasubramanian, N.

doi:10.1007/s40090-014-0004-x

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…According to keerthi, Muthukrishnaraj and Balasubramanian in [36] lignin and its derivatives degrade very slowly with conventional biological processes because of its larger molecular size. Therefore, a hybrid physico-chemical treatment process, plain settling followed by chemical coagulation and an activated carbon adsorption process, is used in this research study to purify the wastewater of the Paper and Board Mill.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Pulp and Paper Industrial Effluent Using Physicochemical Process for Recycling

Mehmood

Rehman

Wang

et al. 2019

Water

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Physicochemical treatment, consisting of a combination of primary settling, coagulation–flocculation-aided clarification (alum, lime and magnesium sulfate as coagulants) and activated carbon adsorption, was employed for the treatment of pulp and paper mill wastewater. Treatability studies were undertaken to assess the feasibility of recycling the effluents from a paper mill. The results of laboratory scale investigation showed that the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of four hours for plain settling was effective to reduce 30% of the pollution load from pulp and board mill wastewater (PBMWW). The chemical secondary treatment reduced turbidity (89%), Chemical Oxygen Demand (84%), total suspended solids (90%) and color (89%) at the mass loading of 3400 mgl-1 of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), when primary-treated effluent was subsequently treated by the coagulation–flocculation process. The combination of primary settling and lime coagulation (optimum dosage of 1400 mgl-1) resulted in a turbidity removal of 94%, a COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) reduction of 86%, a Total Suspended Solids (TSS) removal of 93% and color removal of 91.6% at an initial pH of 11. The combination of this primary settling and coagulation–flocculation treatment trial indicated that the pollutant reduction efficiency of alum was better than the other two coagulants (MgSO4, lime), because the plain settling and coagulation–flocculation process with alum (optimum dosage of 1200 mg/L) resulted in a turbidity removal of 98%, COD reduction of 93%, TSS removal of 98% and color removal of 96% at the pH 6.0 with the sludge volume index of 156 mg/L. This chemically-treated water required further treatment with activated carbon in a batch reactor for up to four hours to meet the paper mill water quality standards. Pollutant reductions at the rate of 99.5%, 99.1%, 99.4% and 99.5% were obtained for turbidity, COD, TSS and color, respectively, with the combination of the sedimentation, coagulation–flocculation process and activated carbon adsorption meeting the production process quality standards. The study revealed that a hybrid end-of-pipe physicochemical treatment was effective in reducing the pollutant load of paper mills effluent and meeting the discharging standards.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Pulp and Paper Industrial Effluent Using Physicochemical Process for Recycling

Mehmood

Rehman

Wang

et al. 2019

Water

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“…166 These effluents have high concentrations of organic compounds and high levels of dark coloration. 167,168 They also show high values for COD, BOD, wood debris, and other contaminants, according to the type of process used in each industrial plant. 169−172 Regarding the treatment of effluents generated by the pulp and paper industry, several studies have been performed that employ the EC processes.…”

Section: Electrocoagulation Applied To the Paper Industry Effluentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, the effluents generated by this industrial segment are difficult to treat because they are complex mixtures of dangerous and highly toxic elements and chemical products . These effluents have high concentrations of organic compounds and high levels of dark coloration. , They also show high values for COD, BOD, wood debris, and other contaminants, according to the type of process used in each industrial plant. − …”

Section: Applications Of the Ec Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocoagulation Process as a Consolidated Technology in the Treatment of Industrial Effluents and as a Promising Process in the Treatment of Effluents Generated by Car Washes: A Brief Review

Guerreiro Crizel,

Barreto,

Fiori

et al. 2024

ACS EST Water

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Electrocoagulation (EC) is an efficient treatment method that involves the electrodissolution of anodes, the formation of coagulants in situ, and the production of hydrogen at the cathode, facilitating the removal of pollutants by flotation. Industry in general aims to reduce the contaminant load, expressed as chemical oxygen demand (COD), and EC effluent treatment is particularly effective in this process. The development of EC processes has been an efficient alternative for the treatment of effluents with high pollutant loads, such as tannery, pulp and paper, textile, beverage, and food industries, and many demonstrate the potential for application in car wash effluent. This study presents a review of the use of EC for the treatment of various effluents containing COD, OGs, surfactants, color, and turbidity, but with a greater focus on the vehicle washing sector. It also discusses the factors that influence the efficiency of EC and the main discussions of the authors. Presently, the investigations of studies already carried out show that the performance of the EC process is dependent on many relationships and factors, such as the type of material constituting the electrode, the electric potential difference, the electric current density, the distance between electrodes, the surface area of the electrodes, the pH, the initial concentration of contaminants, the conductivity and the treatment time. The review demonstrated that the EC process has been employed in the treatment of many types of effluents and with relatively high efficiency rates, in general, between 60.0% and up to 90.0%, aiming at the reduction of the COD indexes, the reduction from 60.0% up to 99.0% of color content, the 87.0% reduction of chromium. In turn, for turbidity, it varied on average from 44.0 to 99.0%. For other parameters such as MBAS and OGs, in most studies, the reduction exceeded 90.0%.

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“…In the optimization of variables through the treatment of the zeolite augmented EC process, the ratio of BOD 5 /COD increased to more than 0.27 ± 0.02 (Table 2). In EC treatment, along with the current density increases, the COD degradation also increases proportionately to electrolysis time by the reactions of coagulation and adsorption with responses of the dissolve anode electrode resulting in enhances the effluent of BOD to COD ratio (Asha et al, 2015). This can be attributed to the increases in electrical energy which is increasing the potential importance to chlorine and hypochlorite production (Bharath et al, 2020).…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Clinoptilolite augmented electrocoagulation process for the reduction of high‐strength ammonia and color from stabilized landfill leachate

Hamid

Aziz

Yusoff

et al. 2020

Water Environment Research

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The high-strength leachate produced from sanitary landfill is a serious issue around the world as it poses adverse effects on aquatic life and human health. Physio-chemical technology is one of the promising options as the leachate normally presents in stabilized form and not fully amendable by biological treatment. In this research, the effectiveness of natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) augmented electrocoagulation process (hybrid system) for removing high-strength ammonia (3,442 mg/L) and color (8,427 Pt-Co) from naturally saline (15 ppt) local landfill leachate was investigated. A batch mode laboratory-scale reactor with parallel-monopolar aluminum electrodes attached to a direct current (DC) electric power was used as an electrocoagulation reactor for performance enhancement purpose. Optimum operational conditions of 146 g/L zeolite dosage, 600 A/m 2 current density, 60 min treatment time, 200 rpm stirring speed, 35 min settling duration, and pH 9 were recorded with up to 70% and 88% removals of ammonia and color, respectively. The estimated overall operational cost was 26.22 $/m 3. The biodegradability of the leachate had improved from 0.05 to 0.27 in all post-treatment processes. The findings revealed the ability of the hybrid process as a viable option in eliminating concentrated ammonia and color in natural saline landfill leachate. © 2020 Water Environment Federation • Practitioner points • Clinoptilolite was augmented on the electrocoagulation process in saline and stabilized landfill leachate (15 ppt). • The high strength NH 3-N (3,442 mg/L) and color (8,427 Pt-Co) were 70% and 88% removed, respectively. • The optimum conditions occurred at 140 g/L zeolite, 60 mA/cm 2 current density, 60 min, and final pH of 8.20. • The biodegradability of the leachate improved from 0.05 to 0.27 after the treatment. • This hybrid treatment was simple, faster, and did not require auxiliary electrolyte.

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Improvement of biodegradability index through electrocoagulation and advanced oxidation process

Cited by 20 publications

References 8 publications

Treatment of Pulp and Paper Industrial Effluent Using Physicochemical Process for Recycling

Treatment of Pulp and Paper Industrial Effluent Using Physicochemical Process for Recycling

Electrocoagulation Process as a Consolidated Technology in the Treatment of Industrial Effluents and as a Promising Process in the Treatment of Effluents Generated by Car Washes: A Brief Review

Clinoptilolite augmented electrocoagulation process for the reduction of high‐strength ammonia and color from stabilized landfill leachate

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