“…Other than the ecological role of Fusarium in soil, co-cultures with other species have also revealed their great potential as an inducer strain, in which the chemical and biological outcomes are highly dependent on the challenged species. Co-cultivation with Alternaria tenuissima , Sarocladium strictum , Saccharopolyspora erythraea, Streptomyces lividans, Epicoccum nigrum , or Bacillus subtilis has led to increased production of trichothecenes ( Müller et al, 2012 ), polyketides ( Bohni et al, 2016 ), decalin-type tetramic acid analogs ( Whitt et al, 2014 ), ennantins ( Ola et al, 2013 ; Moussa et al, 2019 ; Vásquez-Bonilla et al, 2022 ), lateropyrone, naphthoquinones, lipopeptides ( Moussa et al, 2019 ) and coumarins ( Ola et al, 2013 ), illustrating the chemodiversity of the Fusarium species. Furthermore, Fusarium species can also act as a challenge strain, causing induction of several BCGs in Ustilago maydis ( Estrada et al, 2011 ), A. giganteus ( Meyer and Stahl, 2003 ), Botrytis cinereal ( Serrano et al, 2017 ), A. tenuissima ( Müller et al, 2012 ), or P aeruginosa ( Moussa et al, 2020 ).…”