Improvement of bacterial cellulose nonwoven fabrics by physical entrapment of lauryl gallate oligomers

Abstract

The present study aimed to improve the properties of bacterial cellulose nonwoven fabrics by physical entrapment of lauryl gallate oligomers. The lauryl gallate oligomerization process was conducted by laccase-mediated oligomerization. Lauryl gallate was chemically confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization with time-of-flight analyses. The oligomerization conditions were controlled considering the surface properties (water contact angle, surface energy, and water absorption time) of bacterial cellulose nonwoven fabrics. The controlled oligomerization conditions were 160 U/mL of laccase and 20 mM lauryl gallate. After bacterial cellulose was treated by the physical entrapment of lauryl gallate oligomers, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis showed that the N1 atomic composition (%) of bacterial cellulose increased from 0.78% to 4.32%. This indicates that the lauryl gallate oligomer molecules were introduced into the bacterial cellulose nanofiber structure. In addition, the water contact angle was measured after washing the bacterial cellulose nonwoven fabric treated by the physical entrapment of lauryl gallate oligomers for 180 minutes, and it was found to maintain a water contact angle of 88°. The durability of bacterial cellulose nonwoven fabric treated by the physical entrapment of lauryl gallate oligomers was confirmed by measuring the tensile strength after wetting and dimensional stability. As a result, the tensile strength after wetting was about five times higher and the dimensional stability was three times higher than that of untreated bacterial cellulose nonwoven fabric.

Comparative study on the physical entrapment of soy and mushroom proteins on the durability of bacterial cellulose bio‐leather

“…BC is an eco-friendly cellulose material produced by Acetobacter xylinus (Kim et al 2020a). Since BC is made of a fibrous three-dimensional nanostructure, it has excellent advantages as a bio-leather: It possesses high purity, high crystallinity and polymerization degree, and good water-holding capacity (Kim et al 2020b); Altering the fermentation conditions can result in BC with excellent moldability, biodegradability, and biocompatibility (Song et al 2020); Moreover, unlike animal leather, additional processes such as tanning and graining are not necessary for BC bio-leather.…”

“…However, the high water-holding capacity of BC has several drawbacks. Its hydrophilicity causes poor rehydration and durability of BC bio-leather, and when exposed to moist or wet conditions, BC loses its shape and strength (Song et al 2020).…”

Functionalization of Bacterial Cellulose Nonwoven by Poly(fluorophenol) to Improve Its Hydrophobicity and Durability

“…The dimensional stability was evaluated using the ISO 7771:2012 method. BC nonwoven (70 × 250 mm) samples were marked at four locations for measuring the dimensional change (Song et al, 2019). Thereafter, the samples were immersed in distilled water that contained a wetting agent (sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, C 18 H 29 NaO 3 S), for 60, 120, and 180 min.…”

Use of bacterial cellulose in the textile industry and the wettability challenge—a review

“…According to Song et al (2020), to overcome the disadvantages of hydrophilicity, previous studies on modifying the structure of BC chemically have been carried out, using various functional materials, such as polyethylene glycol, silver nanoparticles and zinc oxide. It was observed that these materials could be incorporated into three-dimensional BC matrices and provided greater crystallinity, porosity, hydrophobicity and mechanical properties (Song et al 2020).…”

“…The conditions of controlled oligomerization were 160 U/ml laccase and 20 mM lauryl gallate. After the bacterial cellulose had been treated through the physical entrapment of lauryl gallate oligomers, an angle of contact with water of 88º was observed and the durability of the BC was con rmed by tensile strength measurements (Song et al 2020). described a process of exhaustion through the use of commercial hydrophobic polymers, a softener and a hydrophobizer based on uorocarbon, to make the BC ber more hydrophobic.…”